Comparison of some mycotoxin concentration and prevalence in premium and economic class of adult dog foods

Figures & data

Table 1. Prevalence and concentrations of total aflatoxin in commercial dog foods with different ingredients.

		Total aflatoxin
		Concentration, ppb in DM			Prevalence, %
Food ingredients	Food class	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Negative samples	Positive samples
LG-food	P-food	0.86	0.00	1.77
	E-food	0.93	0.00	1.36
FG-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
GFree-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
CG-food	P-food	1.78	0.85	2.71
	E-food	2.35	0.52	5.04
Food ingredients	LG-food	0.89^a	0.00	1.77	7 (70%)	3 (30%)
	FG-food	0.00^b	0.00	0.00	10 (100%)	0
	GFree-food	0.00^b	0.00	0.00	10 (100%)	0
	CG-food	2.06^a	0.52	5.04	9 (90%)	1 (10%)
Food class	P-food	1.30	0.00	3.02	18 (90%)	2 (10%)
	E-food	1.98	0.00	6.85	18 (90%)	2 (10%)
Total					36 (90%)	4 (10%)
	Two-way analysis of variance				Chi-square test
SD		1.48
SEM		0.46
P value	Food ingredients	0.022			0.083
	Food class	0.054			1.000
	Food ingredients* Food class	0.827

LG-food: dog foods with lamb meal (or by products) + grain; FG-food: dog foods with fish meal (or by products) + grain, CG-food: dog foods with chicken meal (or by products) + grain; GFree-food: dog foods with animal by-products + grain-free; P-food : Premium foods; E-food : Economic (or with low price) foods.

^a,bThe difference between the average values indicated by different letters at same column.

Table 2. Prevalence and concentrations of ochratoxin-A in commercial dog foods with different ingredients.

		Ochratoxin-A
		Concentration, ppb in DM			Prevalence, %
Food ingredients	Food class	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Negative samples	Positive samples
LG-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	12.75	0.00	63.78
FG-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	71.67	0.00	358.36
GFree-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	40.74	0.00	203.72
CG-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	41.19	0.00	205.98
Food ingredients	LG-food	6.37	0.00	63.78	9 (90%)	1 (10%)
	FG-food	35.83	0.00	358.36	9 (90%)	1 (10%)
	GFree-food	20.37	0.00	203.72	9 (90%)	1 (10%)
	CG-food	20.59	0.00	205.98	9 (90%)	1 (10%)
Food class	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00	20 (100%)	0
	E-food	41.59	0.00	358.36	16 (80%)	4 (20%)
Total					36 (90%)	4 (10%)
	Two-way analysis of variance				Chi-square test
SD		71.45
SEM		23.26
P value	Food ingredients	0.848			1.000
	Food class	0.033			0.035
	Food ingredients * Food class	0.848

LG-food: dog foods with lamb meal (or by products) + grain; FG-food: dog foods with fish meal (or by products) + grain; CG-food: dog foods with chicken meal (or by products) + grain; GFree-food: dog foods with animal by-products + grain-free;  P-food : Premium foods; E-food : Economic (or with low price) foods.

Table 3. Prevalence and concentrations of fumonisin-B1 in commercial dog foods with different ingredients.

		Fumonisin-B1
		Concentration, ppb in DM			Prevalence, %
Food ingredients	Food class	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Negative samples	Positive samples
LG-food	P-food	75.59	0.00	377.96
	E-food	968.57	102.44	2267.78
FG-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	923.51	0.00	1527.89
GFree-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	157.65	0.00	446.51
CG-food	P-food	101.20	0.00	506.02
	E-food	1338.68	0.00	3107.28
Food ingredients	LG-food	522.08^b	0.00	2267.78	4 (40%)	6 (60%)
	FG-food	461.75^b	0.00	1527.89	6 (60%)	4 (40%)
	GFree-food	78.82^c	0.00	446.51	6 (60%)	4 (40%)
	CG-food	719.94^a	0.00	3107.28	8 (80%)	2 (20%)
Food class	P-food	44.19	0.00	506.02	18 (90%)	2 (10%)
	E-food	847.10	0.00	3107.28	6 (30%)	14 (70%)
Total					24 (60%)	16 (40%)
	Two-way analysis of variance				Chi-square test
SD		752.68
SEM		192.99
P value	Food ingredients	0.044			0.343
	Food class	<0.001			<0.001
	Food ingredients * Food class	0.259

LG-food: dog foods with lamb meal (or by products) + grain; FG-food: dog foods with fish meal (or by products) + grain; CG-food: dog foods with chicken meal (or by products) + grain; GFree-food: dog foods with animal by-products + grain-free; P-food : Premium foods; E-food : Economic (or with low price) foods.

^a,bThe difference between the average values indicated by different letters at same column.

Table 4. Prevalence and concentrations of zearalenone in commercial dog foods with different ingredients.

		Zearalenone
		Concentration, ppb in DM			Prevalence, %
Food ingredients	Food class	Mean	Minimum	Maximum	Negative samples	Positive samples
LG-food	P-food	215.20	0.00	864.39
	E-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
FG-food	P-food	159.81	0.00	662.42
	E-food	15.29	0.00	76.46
GFree-food	P-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
	E-food	11.18	0.00	55.90
CG-food	P-food	235.93	0.00	550.55
	E-food	0.00	0.00	0.00
Food ingredients	LG-food	107.60^a	0.00	864.39	8 (80%)	2 (20%)
	FG-food	87.55^a	0.00	662.42	7 (70%)	3 (30%)
	GFree-food	5.59^b	0.00	55.90	7 (70%)	3 (30%)
	CG-food	117.96^a	0.00	550.55	9 (90%)	1 (10%)
Food class	P-food	152.73	0.00	864.39	13 (65%)	7 (35%)
	E-food	6.61	0.00	76.46	18 (90%)	2 (10%)
Total					31 (77.5%)	9 (22.5%)
	Two-way analysis of variance				Chi-square test
SD		196.51
SEM		59.17
P value	Food ingredients	0.035			0.665
	Food class	0.019			0.058
	Food ingredients * Food class	0.455

LG-food: dog foods with lamb meal (or by products) + grain; FG-food: dog foods with fish meal (or by products) + grain, CG-food: dog foods with chicken meal (or by products) + grain; GFree-food: dog foods with animal by-products + grain-free; P-food: Premium foods; E-food: Economic (or with low price) foods.

^a,bThe difference between the average values indicated by different letters at same column.

Table 5. Concentration of total mycotoxin in commercial dog foods with different ingredients.

		Total mycotoxin, ppb in DM
Food ingredients	Food class	Mean	Minimum	Maximum
LG-food	P-food	291.65	0.00	1244.02
	E-food	982.27	167.42	2269.15
FG-food	P-food	160.76	0.62	663.75
	E-food	1012.75	0.84	1655.15
GFree-food	P-food	1.60	0.56	3.02
	E-food	211.94	0.00	548.66
CG-food	P-food	338.91	1.60	805.56
	E-food	1382.23	1.29	3318.30
Food ingredients	LG-food	636.96^a	0.00	2269.15
	FG-food	586.76^a	0.62	1655.15
	GFree-food	106.77^b	0.00	548.66
	CG-food	860.57^a	1.29	3318.30
Food class	P-food	198.23	0.00	1244.02
	E-food	897.30	0.00	3318.30
SD		779.89
SEM		215.52
P value	Food ingredients	0.011
	Food class	0.003
	Food ingredients * Food class	0.569

LG-food: dog foods with lamb meal (or by products) + grain; FG-food: dog foods with fish meal (or by products) + grain; CG-food: dog foods with chicken meal (or by products) + grain; GFree-food: dog foods with animal by-products + grain-free; P-food: Premium foods; E-food: Economic (or with low price) foods.

^a,bThe difference between the average values indicated by different letters at same column.

Data availability statement

The data analysed in this investigation are available upon request to the corresponding author.