Effects of dietary supplementation of soybean lecithin on growth performance, nutrients digestibility and serum profiles of broilers fed fried soybean oil

Figures & data

Table 1. Composition of the basal diets fed to broilers in feeding trial as fed basis.

Ingredient	Starter (g/kg)	Grower (g/kg)
Yellow corn	418.1	410.1
Soybean meal	311.3	267.1
Wheat	150.0	165.1
Sunflower meal	40.1	60.0
Oil	38.1	59.1
DCP^a	16.5	13.0
Limestone	13.0	15.0
NaCl	2.5	2.5
Premix^b	4.0	4.0
DL-methionine	2.5	2.0
L-lysine	4.5	3.0
Threonine	1.0	1.0
Sodium bicarbonate	1.0	1.0
Chemical composition%
Crude protein	21.50	20.01
Crude fat	3.80	5.90
Calcium	0.98	0.79
Available P	0.45	0.38
ME, Kcal/ kg ration	3000	3100

^aDicalcium phosphate. ^bPremix/kg diet: vitamin A, 12,000 IU; vitamin D3, 1500 IU; vitamin E, 50 mg; vitamin K3, 5 mg; vitamin B1, 3 mg; vitamin B2, 6 mg; vitamin B6, 5 mg; vitamin B12, 0.03 mg; niacin, 25 mg; Ca-D-pantothenate, 12 mg; folic acid, 1 mg; D-biotin, 0.05 mg; apo-carotenoic acid ester, 2.5 mg; choline chloride, 400 mg; manganese, 100 g; zinc, 100 g; iron, 40 g; copper, 15 g; iodine, 1 g; cobalt, 0.2 g; selenium, 0.35 g; wheat enzyme, 100 g; phytase, 750 FTU; Lasalocid, 100 g; Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD), 55 g. ME: Metabolisable Energy.

Table 2. Effects of different oil additions to the feed (with and without soybean lecithin) on performance indices of broilers at different ages.

Items		S	SL	F	FL	SEM	p Value
Feed intake (kg)	1–7 day	0.126	0.129	0.127	0.128	0.002	0.636
	8–14 day	0.454	0.458	0.454	0.458	0.004	0.815
	15–21 day	1.081	1.088	1.080	1.089	0.008	0.761
	22–28 day	1.985	1.997	1.985	1.997	0.009	0.679
	29–35 day	3.066	3.083	3.065	3.079	0.012	0.622
Body weight (kg)	1–7 day	0.145^b	0.149^a	0.146^b	0.148^ab	0.001	0.008
	8–14 day	0.393^c	0.414^a	0.395^bc	0.411^ab	0.003	0.007
	15–21 day	0.813^b	0.832^a	0.811^b	0.827^ab	0.004	0.018
	22–28 day	1.217^bc	1.241^a	1.210^c	1.228^ab	0.004	0.000
	29–35 day	1.920^bc	1.947^a	1.917^c	1.935^ab	0.004	0.002
Feed conversion ratio (kg/kg gain)	1–7 day	0.867	0.865	0.868	0.867	0.010	0.998
	8–14 day	1.156	1.105	1.149	1.115	0.014	0.123
	15–21 day	1.331	1.307	1.331	1.317	0.010	0.380
	22–28 day	1.631	1.609	1.641	1.626	0.008	0.120
	29–35 day	1.597	1.584	1.599	1.591	0.005	0.170

Data were reported as mean and standard error mean (SEM) of 10 replicates. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Treatments: S: basal diet with soybean oil; SL: basal diet with soybean oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin; F: basal diet with oxidised oil; FL: basal diet with oxidised oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin.

Table 3. Effects of different oil additions to the feed (with and without soybean lecithin) on apparent nutrient digestibility of broiler (%).

Items	S	SL	F	FL	SEM	p Value
DM	68.13	68.87	67.97	68.50	0.353	0.354
Fibre	37.37	38.03	36.87	37.93	0.498	0.385
CP	83.74	84.43	83.36	84.23	0.318	0.071
EE	75.78	77.57	75.95	77.44	0.458	0.224

Data were reported as mean and standard error mean (SEM) of 12 replicates. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Treatments: S: basal diet with soybean oil; SL: basal diet with soybean oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin; F: basal diet with oxidised oil; FL: basal diet with oxidised oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin. CP: crude protein; DM: dry matter; EE: ether extract.

Table 4. Effects of different oil additions to the feed (with and without soybean lecithin) on relative weight of broiler carcase cuts and visceral organs (g/carcase weight).

Parameter	S	SL	F	FL	SEM	p Value
Thigh	13.04^b	13.31^a	13.41^a	12.66^b	0.143	0.006
Drumstick	25.12	24.72	25.01	25.22	0.185	0.315
Wings	9.22^ab	9.04^b	9.49^a	9.26^ab	0.085	0.010
Breast	39.21^b	40.18^a	38.48^b	40.32^a	0.175	0.000
Neck	5.35^ab	5.07^bc	5.42^a	5.06^c	0.073	0.002
Viscera	17.10^a	16.04^b	17.01^a	16.23^b	0.110	0.000
Intestine	7.45^a	7.02^b	7.54^a	7.13^b	0.065	0.000
Heart	0.74	0.70	0.76	0.69	0.020	0.133
Liver	3.35^a	3.13^b	3.27^ab	3.14^b	0.043	0.003
Spleen	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.15	0.010	0.518
Gizzard	2.11	2.00	2.05	2.00	0.030	0.075
Crop	0.66^ab	0.62^b	0.68^a	0.61^b	0.015	0.013
Proventriculus	0.69^a	0.62^b	0.67^ab	0.65^ab	0.018	0.050
Abdominal fat	1.05	1.00	1.03	1.00	0.015	0.081
Pancreas	0.15	0.13	0.14	0.14	0.010	0.499
Live weight/kg	2.11^b	2.23^a	2.100^b	2.21^a	0.014	0.000
Dressing %	77.91^b	79.20^a	77.79^b	78.69^ab	0.288	0.005

Data were reported as mean and standard error mean (SEM) of 10 replicates. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Treatments: S: basal diet with soybean oil; SL: basal diet with soybean oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin; F: basal diet with oxidised oil; FL: basal diet with oxidised oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin.

Table 5. Effects of different oil additions to the feed (with and without soybean lecithin) on serum profiles of broilers.

Items	S	SL	F	FL	SEM	p value
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	140.85	138.42	143.27	140.39	2.357	0.562
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	83.46^a	77.16^b	84.69^a	80.26^ab	1.487	0.005
HDL-C (mg/dL)	94.53	93.76	92.68	93.35	3.727	0.988
LDL-C (mg/dL)	45.54^ab	41.26^b	47.43^a	45.14^ab	1.42	0.029

Data were reported as mean and standard error mean (SEM) of 50 replicates. Different letters in the same row indicate significant differences (p < 0.05). Treatments: S: basal diet with soybean oil; SL: basal diet with soybean oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin; F: basal diet with oxidised oil; FL: basal diet with oxidised oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin. HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Figure 1. Biplot of bird’s growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Treatments: S: basal diet with soybean oil; SL: basal diet with soybean oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin; F: basal diet with oxidised oil; FL: basal diet with oxidised oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin. BW: Body Weight; CP: Crude Protein; DM: Dry Matter; FI: Feed Intake; FCR: Feed Conversion Ratio.

Figure 2. Biplot of bird’s serum profile and selected carcase cuts. Treatments: SS: basal diet with soybean oil; SL: basal diet with soybean oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin; F: basal diet with oxidised oil; FL: basal diet with oxidised oil plus 0.035% soybean lecithin. TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.