Effects of BLG polymorphism and dietary supplementation with carob pulp on ewe milk traits and fatty acid composition

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition of supplements and pasture.

	Control	Carob	Mixed pasture
Dry matter (DM), g/kg	870.0	817.0	151.0
CP, g/Kg DM	129.0	55.0	168.0
Ether extract, g/kg DM	28.0	8.0	26.8
NDF, g/kg DM	251.0	322.0	332.0
ADF, g/kg DM	121.0	286.0	280.0
WSC, g/kg NFC	52.0	485.0	129.0
Starch, g/kg NFC	522.0	–	18.0
SP, g/100 g CP	37.8	35.8	26.6
ADIP, g/100 g CP	3.5	25.2	8.0
NDIP, g/100 g CP	27.1	39.0	17.5
Total polyphenols, mg/g DM	2.8	17.9	4.4
Tannins, mg/g DM	1.5	12.5	2.5
Fatty acids, g/100 g TFA
16:0	22.1	25.0	21.7
18:0	1.7	5.2	4.8
18:1 c9	14.0	21.4	6.7
18:2	53.8	32.7	25.5
18:3	3.12	7.0	39.5

CP: crude protein; WSC: water soluble carbohydrate; SP: soluble protein; ADIP: acid detergent insoluble CP; NDIP: neutral detergent insoluble CP; NFC: non-fibre carbohydrates; TFA: total fatty acids

Table 2. Milk yield and gross composition. Main effects.

	BLG genotype (G)		Diet (D)		Significance			SEM
	AB	BB	Control	Carob	G	D	G × D
Milk yield, g/d	848.50	798.40	882.70	764.20	0.400	0.049	0.712	29.390
FCM (6.5%), g/d^a	826.40	745.00	785.40	786.00	0.184	0.993	0.993	28.820
FPCM (6.5%; 5.8%), g/d^a	846.20	764.30	814.40	796.10	0.183	0.764	0.978	28.580
Fat, g/100 g	6.46	6.39	6.00	6.76	0.756	0.001	0.462	0.157
Fat, g/d	53.12	47.72	49.12	51.72	0.168	0.504	0.874	1.990
Protein, g/100 g	6.34	6.28	6.53	6.13	0.853	0.029	0.510	0.069
Protein, g/d	52.70	48.02	53.80	47.00	0.211	0.071	0.990	1.730
Lactose, g/100 g	4.58	4.64	4.63	4.60	0.383	0.972	0.933	0.039
Lactose, g/d	39.02	36.04	39.04	36.02	0.417	0.411	0.844	1.590
Urea, mg/dl	26.30	29.40	29.50	26.80	0.180	0.048	0.829	1.015
Casein, g/100 g	5.05	5.03	5.20	4.92	0.854	0.082	0.529	0.063
Casein, g/d	41.95	38.20	42.64	37.51	0.210	0.087	0.983	1.380

FCM: fat-corrected milk yield; FPCM: fat and protein corrected milk yield.

^aCalculated according to Pulina et al. (2005).

Table 3. Milk fatty acid composition (% total fatty acids). Main effects.

	BLG genotype (G)		Diet (D)		Significance			SEM
	AB	BB	Control	Carob	G	D	G × D
4:0	2.45	2.28	2.51	2.21	0.227	0.044	0.543	0.078
6:0	2.33	2.19	2.33	2.19	0.102	0.141	0.369	0.048
8:0	2.47	2.34	2.42	2.39	0.156	0.724	0.270	0.047
10:0	7.56	7.57	7.42	7.71	0.973	0.334	0.279	0.143
11:0	0.34	0.33	0.33	0.34	0.627	0.302	0.052	0.001
12:0	4.20	4.30	4.10	4.40	0.561	0.105	0.228	0.083
13:0	0.16	0.17	0.16	0.17	0.133	0.174	0.099	0.004
14:0 iso	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.14	0.912	0.987	0.956	0.004
14:0	10.70	10.5	10.20	11.00	0.429	0.002	0.302	0.114
15:0 iso	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.28	0.619	0.428	0.933	0.006
15:0 anteiso	0.56	0.59	0.58	0.56	0.319	0.510	0.670	0.013
14:1 c9	0.22	0.20	0.18	0.24	0.620	0.088	0.938	0.014
15:0	1.16	1.23	1.17	1.22	0.106	0.230	0.335	0.019
16:0 iso	0.36	0.39	0.38	0.37	0.085	0.351	0.958	0.006
16:0	22.10	21.80	21.40	22.50	0.648	0.113	0.413	0.286
17:0 iso	0.36	0.36	0.37	0.35	0.813	0.005	0.103	0.005
16:1 c7	0.29	0.31	0.32	0.28	0.105	0.002	0.353	0.005
17:0 anteiso	0.55	0.56	0.56	0.55	0.640	0.640	0.352	0.009
16:1 c9	0.89	0.91	0.87	0.94	0.705	0.129	0.426	0.021
17:0	0.77	0.80	0.76	0.81	0.058	<0.001	0.883	0.008
17:1 c9	0.23	0.25	0.23	0.25	0.238	0.220	0.768	0.006
18:0	8.80	9.04	9.08	8.76	0.497	0.380	0.568	0.167
18:1 t6-8	0.21	0.25	0.23	0.22	0.088	0.702	0.121	0.013
18:1 t9	0.32	0.35	0.38	0.29	0.629	0.112	0.657	0.024
18:1 t10	0.44	0.50	0.50	0.44	0.107	0.091	0.680	0.144
18:1 t11	2.98	3.45	3.63	2.80	0.071	0.002	0.676	0.018
18:1 c9	15.70	14.90	15.40	15.30	0.045	0.799	0.577	0.209
18:1 c11	0.65	0.69	0.59	0.74	0.271	<0.001	0.488	0.030
18:1 c12	0.20	0.21	0.19	0.23	0.285	<0.001	0.706	0.006
18:2 c9c12	1.71	1.81	1.68	1.85	0.044	0.001	0.683	0.028
20:0	0.26	0.28	0.27	0.26	0.157	0.642	0.853	0.009
18:3 α	1.78	1.99	1.94	1.83	0.013	0.224	0.737	0.040
18:2 c9t11	1.48	1.68	1.75	1.42	0.192	0.033	0.985	0.070
21:0	0.14	0.15	0.14	0.15	0.251	0.107	0.470	0.004
22:0	0.16	0.17	0.17	0.16	0.244	0.273	0.219	0.004
SFA	63.60	62.60	61.90	64.30	0.340	0.014	0.513	0.453
SCFA	7.27	6.80	7.27	6.81	0.103	0.114	0.357	0.154
MCFA	22.40	22.40	21.70	23.00	0.971	0.044	0.183	0.301
MUFA	24.60	24.60	25.20	24.10	0.921	0.034	0.509	0.263
OBCFA	4.71	4.84	4.82	4.73	0.208	0.388	0.792	0.049
Trans FA	4.91	5.56	5.78	4.69	0.048	0.001	0.787	0.177
PUFA	4.96	5.49	5.38	5.08	0.004	0.099	0.998	0.082
AI	2.38	2.27	2.19	2.46	0.236	0.004	0.755	0.043
TI	2.15	2.05	2.01	2.20	0.109	0.008	0.807	0.031

SFA: saturated fatty acids; SCFA: short-chain fatty acid; MCFA: medium-chain fatty acid; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; OBCFA: odd and branched-chain fatty acid; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; SEM: standard error of mean; Atherogenic index (AI) = [C12:0 + 4 (C14: 0) + C16:0]/(sum of unsaturated FA); Thrombogenic index (TI) index = (C14:0 + C16:0 + C18:0)/[(0.5 × ΣMUFA) + (0.5 × Σn − 6 PUFA) + (3 × Σn − 3 PUFA) + (n − 3/n − 6)] (Ulbricht and Southgate 1991).

Pulina G, Macciotta N, Nudda A. 2005. Milk composition and feeding in the Italian dairy sheep. Ital J Anim Sci. 4(sup1):5–14.

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Data availability statement

Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author (S.T.) on request.