The effect of a diet supplement containing S-acetyl-glutathione (SAG) and other antioxidant natural ingredients on glutathione peroxidase in healthy dogs: a pilot study

Figures & data

Table 1. Ingredients of the tested supplement and placebo.

Ingredients	g/100 g	mg/tablet
Supplement
Excipients	39.5	790
Orange bioflavonoid	8.0250	160.50
Vitamin B12	3.0000	60.00
Vitamin E	15.9750	319.50
S-acetyl-L-glutathione	1.4250	28.50
Vitamin B1 hydrochloride	0.6375	12.75
Vitamin B2	2.0025	40.05
Vitamin B6 hydrochloride	0.4350	8.70
Silybin	2.0000	40.00
Total	100.0000	2000.00
Placebo
Eccipients	34.5	690
Maltodextrin	60.5	1200
Appetite stimulants	5	100
Total	100.0000	2000.00

Table 2. Mean and 95% Confident Interval (95% CI) resulted from the biochemical analyses (total proteins (TP), albumins (ALB), glucose (GLU), alanine transaminases (ALT) alanine aminotransferases (AST), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirubin (BIL) and triglycerides (TRI)) in the control (CTR) and treated (TRT) group in the study period.

Time	CTR	TRT	CTR	TRT	CTR	TRT
	TP (5.4–7.5 g/dL)		ALB (2.3–3.9 g/dL)		GLU (67–132 mg/dL)
T0	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	2.9 (2.9; 3.0)	3.0 (2.9; 3.0)	99.3 (98.9; 99.7)	99.4 (99.0; 99.8)
T1	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	3.0 (2.9; 3.0)	3.0 (2.9; 3.0)	99.4 (99.0; 99.8)	99.4 (98.9; 99.8)
T2	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	3.0 (2.9; 3.0)	2.9 (2.9; 3.0)	99.4 (99.0; 99.8)	99.3 (98.8; 99.7)
T3	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	2.9 (2.9; 3.0)	2.9 (2.9; 3.0)	99.3 (98.9; 99.7)	99.3 (98.9; 99.7)
T4	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	2.9 (2.9; 3.0)	3.0 (2.9; 3.0)	99.3 (98.9; 99.7)	99.3 (98.9; 99.8)
T5	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	6.2 (6.2; 6.2)	2.9 (2.9; 3.0)	2.9 (2.9; 3.0)	99.3 (98.9; 99.8)	99.3 (98.9; 99.7)
	ALT (0–40 UI/L)		AST (0–40 UI/L)		ALP (20–150 UI/L)
T0	18.3 (16.5; 20.2)	21.7 (19.9; 23.5)	18.2 (15.8; 20.6)	21.4 (19.0; 23.8)	90.4 (87.9; 92.8)	94.2 (91.7; 96.7)
T1	18.5 (16.7; 20.3)	21.6 (19.8; 23.4)	19.7 (17.3; 22.1)	21.1 (18.7; 23.5)	91.4 (88.9; 93.9)	94.1 (91.6; 96.6)
T2	19.9 (18.1; 21.7)	21.1 (19.3; 22.9)	19.1 (16.7; 21.5)	19.8 (17.4; 22.2)	92.2 (89.8; 94.7)	92.5 (90.0; 95.0)
T3	20.6 (18.8; 22.4)	20.2 (18.4; 22.0)	18.9 (16.5; 21.3)	17.3 (14.9; 19.7)	91.7 (89.2; 94.2)	90.6 (88.1; 93.0)
T4	21.1 (19.3; 22.9)	18.5 (16.7; 20.3)	18.0 (15.6; 20.4)	14.4 (12.0; 16.8)*	90.8 (88.3; 93.3)	88.8 (86.3; 91.3)*
T5	21.3 (19.5; 23.1)	17.3 (15.5; 19.1)*	18.1 (15.7; 20.5)	13.4 (11.0; 15.8)*	90.7 (88.2; 93.2)	85.1 (82.6; 87.6)*
	GGT (2–8 UI/L)		BIL Tot (0–0.7 mg/dL)		TRI (23–110 mg/dL)
T0	3.8 (3.6; 4.1)	4.4 (4.1; 4.7)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	65.3 (64.9; 65.7)	65.3 (64.9; 65.8)
T1	3.9 (3.7; 4.2)	4.3 (4.1; 4.6)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	65.3 (64.8; 65.7)	65.3 (64.9; 65.7)
T2	4.0 (3.7; 4.3)	4.3 (4.0; 4.5)§	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	65.2 (64.7; 65.6)	65.3 (64.9; 65.7)
T3	4.1 (3.8; 4.4)	4.0 (3.8; 4.3)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	65.2 (64.8; 65.7)	65.2 (64.8; 65.7)
T4	4.1 (3.9; 4.4)	3.7 (3.5; 4.0)*	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	65.3 (64.9; 65.7)	65.2 (64.8; 65.6)
T5	4.1 (3.8; 4.3)	3.5 (3.2; 3.7)*	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	0.4 (0.4; 0.4)	65.3 (64.9; 65.8)	65.2 (64.8; 65.7)

Times: T0 (day 0), T1 (day 7), T2 (day 14), T3 (day 21), T4 (day 28), T5 (day 35).

*Significant difference from T0 within group (p < 0.05), ^§Significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mean and 95% Confident Interval (95% CI) resulted from the GLMM in the control (CTR) and treated (TRT) group in the study period. Time: T0 (day 0), T1 (day 7), T2 (day 14), T3 (day 21), T4 (day 28), T5 (day 35).

Time	GPx (300–700 U/g Hb)
	CTR	TRT
T0	403 (371.8; 427.3)	372.7 (349.2; 399.8)
T1	392.8 (362.2; 416.7)	391.2 (366.6; 417.6)
T2	391.1 (359.4; 415.4)	426.8 (402.4; 455.8)*
T3	402 (371.3; 426.2)	443.5 (420.7; 472.1)*
T4	397.3 (365; 422.4)	448 (423.6; 479.3)*
T5	398.3 (366.3; 422.2)	453.6 (429.6; 483.2)*

*Significant difference from T0 within group (p < 0.05).

Data availability statement

Data is available upon request to the first author.