Effect of dietary supplementation of Iranian multi-strain probiotic or P. acidilactici of camel milk isolate on broilers performance, blood parameters, intestinal histology, and microbiota

Figures & data

Table 1. Feed composition and ingredients of control diet.

Components (calculated analyses)	Starter	Grower	Finisher
Ingredients (% - dry matter)
Corn	52.930	58.200	63.220
Soybean meal	40.440	34.850	29.685
Soy oil	2.150	2.831	2.150
Dicalcium phosphate	2.030	1.764	1.580
Calcium carbonate	0.831	0.733	0.665
DL-Methionine	0.356	0.311	0.294
Nacl	0.272	0.256	0.250
Vitamine permixa	0.250	0.250	0.250
Mineral permix^b	0.250	0.250	0.250
L-lysine hydrochloride	0.198	0.183	0.192
L-threonine	0.131	0.105	0.099
Sodium Bicarbonate	0.103	0.204	0.217
Choline chloride	0.059	0.063	0.065
Chemical analysis (dry matter)
Energy (kcal/kg)	2814	2916	3000
Crude protein (%)	21	19.120	17.400
Lysine (%)	1.300	1.160	1.040
Methionine (%)	0.650	0.580	0.540
Theronine (%)	0.740	0.810	0.910
Calcium (%)	0.900	0.800	0.710
Available Phosphorus (%)	0.450	0.400	0.360

^aThe vitamin mix provided the following (per kg of diet): Vitamins A (9000 IU), B₁ (1.8 mg), B₂ (0.015 mg), biotin (0.1 mg), _D3 (2000 IU), E (18 IU), K₃ (2 mg), and choline chloride (500 mg).

^bThe mineral mix provided the following (per kg of diet): manganese oxide (100 mg), iron sulphate (50 mg), zinc oxide (100 mg), copper sulphate (10 mg), calcium iodide (1 mg), and sodium selenite (0.2 mg).

Table 2. Performance parameters in different groups* (mean ± SD).

	Phase	1	2	3	4	p value
Feed intake (gram)	starter	189.4500 ± 0.9600	188.6100 ± 3.3100	190.1100 ± 0.6200	190.0500 ± 0.7700	.4573
	grower	1072.7000^a ± 62.2700	1066.7400^a ± 45.6500	1013.8400^ab ±55.6400	964.4000^b ±62.2600	.0114
	finisher	970.8100 ± 109.3900	934.4500 ± 39.0500	1013.8400 ± 55.6400	964.4300 ± 62.2600	.3159
	total	2232.9500^ab ± 89.0600	2148.0000^b ±59.2600	2277.3200^a ±82.4300	2266.0600^a ±45.3200	.0212
Growth (gram)	starter	184.6600 ± 9.8700	179.6600 ± 8.1400	181.8300 ± 8.7500	173.3300 ± 5.6800	.1401
	grower	636.9200^ab ± 74.6300	658.2000^a ± 13.6600	677.1200^a ± 55.4400	585.6000^b ± 11.5300	.0450
	finisher	553.2000^b ± 62.3700	628.1200^a ± 25.9000	628.4300^a ± 47.7700	598.4500^ab ± 45.2300	.0156
	total	1374.7800^b ± 63.0900	1465.9800^a ± 31.3500	1504.3800^a ± 85.1900	1357.3800^b ± 54.0200	.011
FCR	starter	1.0200 ± 0.0500	1.0500 ± 0.0500	1.0200 ± 0.0600	1.0500 ± 0.0400	.0722
	grower	1.7300^ab ± 0.1500	1.6200^b ± 0.0700	1.6100^b ± 0.1400	1.8900^a ± 0.1800	.0070
	finisher	1.8200^a ± 0.2500	1.4200^b ± 0.0600	1.5800^a ± 0.1500	1.6600^ab ± 0.2200	.0120
	total	1.6600^a ± 0.1100	1.4600^b ± 0.0300	1.5200^b ± 0.1200	1.6800^a ± 0.0700	.0008

Different lowercase letters indicate differences between treatments: p < .05.

*1. unsupplemented, 2. supplemented with IMSP, 3. supplemented with 10⁶ CFU of PAg⁻¹, 4. supplemented with 10⁸ CFU of PA g⁻¹.

IMSP: Iranian commercial multi-strain probiotic; PA: Pediococcus acidilactici.

Table 3. Morphological characteristics and microbial population (cfu/g) of jejunum in different groups* (mean ± SD).

Parameters	1	2	3	4	p value
Villus length (µm)	1239.7500 ± 213.2600	1364.0400 ± 100.1100	1351.5700 ± 161.2300	1149.4000 ± 52.4900	.0589
Villus width (µm)	119.9600 ± 13.4400	126.5200 ± 15.1200	135.9100 ± 19.1800	127.0400 ± 7.4500	.3225
Crypts depth (µm)	167.0600 ± 71.1400	134.7700 ± 13.4100	122.4900 ± 7.9300	118.5100 ± 15.1500	.1321
Villus Length/crypt-depth	8.2500^b ± 2.7100	10.1600^ab ± 0.5300	11.0100^a ± 0.8300	9.8300^ab ± 1.3400	.0477
Villus area (mm^2)	0.4700 ± 0.1100	0.5400 ± 0.0600	0.5800 ± 0.1300	0.4500 ± 0.0300	.1028
Gram (−) bacteria	10.7600^a ± 0.3100	7.5800^c ± 0.1300	11.0900^a ± 0.1400	7.8700^b ± 0.1300	<.0001
Lactobacillus spp	9.0700^b ± 0.1200	10.0600^a ± 0.0500	8.2600^c ± 0.0100	9.8800^a ± 0.1700	<.0001
Total aerobic microbial	10.7400^b ± 0.0600	9.8400^c ± 0.0300	11.2400^a ± 0.2200	8.7300^d ± 0.1000	<.0001

Different lowercase letters indicate differences between treatments: p < .05.

*1. Un-supplemented, 2. supplemented with IMSP, 3. supplemented with 10⁶ CFU of PAg⁻¹, 4. supplemented with 10⁸ CFU of PA g⁻¹.

IMSP: Iranian commercial multi-strain probiotic; PA: Pediococcus acidilactici.

Table 4. Biochemical parameters of the blood in different groups* (mean ± SD).

Parameters	1	2	3	4	p value
Glucose (mg/dL)	169.0000 ± 25.7900	184.3300 ± 15.7100	176.6700 ± 11.8600	184.0000 ± 14.6700	.4148
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	109.1700 ± 8.7300	94.6700 ± 14.0800	105.3300 ± 11.5200	96.8300 ± 9.7500	.1125
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	85.8300^a ± 12.5100	89.8300^a ± 7.3900	67.8300^b ± 19.6100	73.6700^ab ± 10.1300	.0307
Total protein (g/dL)	3.8000^b ± 0.1900	4.4600^a ± 0.2600	4.5500^a ± 0.5800	4.6200^a ± 0.2900	.0028
HDL (mg/dL)	76.1700 ± 3.3100	73.8300 ± 7.8300	81.0000 ± 5.1800	77.6700 ± 7.3900	.2699

Different lowercase letters indicate differences between treatments: p < .05.

*1. Un-supplemented, 2. supplemented with IMSP, 3. supplemented with 10⁶ CFU of PAg⁻¹, 4. supplemented with 10⁸ CFU of PA g⁻¹.

IMSP: Iranian commercial multi-strain probiotic; PA: Pediococcus acidilactici.

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.