A methodology for developing nanomaterial testing standards

Figures & data

Figure 1. A nanomaterial production chain.

Figure 2. Market growth and standards development.

Figure 3. Use of testing standards for market transactions.

Figure 4. Flexible use of testing standards.

Figure 5. A scenario for developing nanomaterial testing standards.

Table 1. An example table format for core characteristics and their measurements.

Characteristic	Measurement method	Measurement procedure
Mineral composition content	XRD
Chemical composition content	XRF	JIS K 0119:2008
Particle size	Laser diffraction method	ISO 13320:2020
Particle size	DLS	ISO 22412:2017
Dry matter content	Oven-drying and gravimetry	ISO 638-1:2022

Table 2. An example table format for optional characteristics and their measurements.

Characteristics	Measurement method	Measurement procedure
Methylene blue adsorption capacity	Filter paper method UV-Vis method	JIS Z 2451:2019
Aspect ratio	AFM
Film formability	Suspension casting method	ISO TS 21236-2:2021
Viscosity	Viscometry	ISO 3104:2020

Table 3. Provision normativity levels in nanomaterial testing standards.

PNL	Characteristic	Value of characteristic	Measurement method	Measurement procedure
1	I	–	–	–
2	I	–	I	–
3	I	–	I	I
4	N	–	–	–
5	N	–	I	–
6	N	–	I	I
7	N	–	N	–
8	N	–	N	I
9	N	–	N	N
10	N	N	N	N

N: normative and I: informative.

Figure 6. Hierarchical model of ISO nanomaterial testing standards.

Figure 7. Upgrading nanomaterial testing standards.

Figure 8. A schematic of nanomaterial certification system.