The Quantified Behavioural Test Plus (QbTest+) in adult ADHD

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptives of the 67 patients presented in N, percentages and, where applicable, in medians and interquartile range (IQR).

All patients N = 67
	N (%)	Median	IQR
Male	35 (52)	–	–
Female	32 (48)	–	–
Male age	–	36	17
Female age	–	30.5	12.5
Total age	–	33	16
Medication at baseline	54 (81)	–	–
Medication at 4 years	29 (71)	–	–
Any comorbid symptoms	40 (60)	–	–
Any affective symptoms	35 (52)	–	–
Any developmental symptoms	12 (18)	–	–
Any PD^a symptoms	7 (10)	–	–
Any psychosocial problems (risk of impact on treatment)	37 (55)	–	–
Employment	57 (85)	–	–
Vocational training	2 (3)	–	–
Unemployed	6 (9)	–	–
Sick leave days (last year)	29^b (43)	2.5	20
Economically self-sufficient (work, retirement, parental leave, etc.)	54 (81)	–	–
Living conditions:
Ordinary living facility	63 (94)	–	–
Assisted living facility	3 (4.5)	–	–
Education level:
University or professional education^c	19 (28)	–	–
Secondary school^c	34 (51)	–	–
Primary school^c or no education	13 (19)	–	–

a personality disorder; ^bnumber of patients reported 1 or more days; ^ccompleted education.

Figure 1 Flowchart showing how the patients with ADHD, while on or off medication, performed the QbTest + at baseline (T1) and at a follow-up 4 years later (T2). “Scores above clinical cut-off” refers to the number of patients in a particular group who had Q-scores ≥ 1.25 on at least one of the cardinals. “Subclinical scores” refers to the number of patients in a particular group who had Q-scores < 1.25 on all of the cardinals.

Figure 2 Box plots representing QbTest + performance in 67 patients diagnosed with ADHD. Some (N = 13) suspended taking their ADHD medicine on the day of testing (white boxes) and the others (N = 54) had medicated as usual (light grey boxes). Centre lines show the medians; box limits indicate the 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range from the 25th and 75th percentiles. The notches represent the 95% confidence interval for each median. Non-overlapping notches give roughly 95% confidence that two medians differ.

Table 2 Performance on the QbTest + and scores on self-reports (BADDS and ASRS) and clinical measures (GAF and CGI-S), presented as medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) in adult patients with a diagnosis of ADHD.

		All patients			Medication before test			No medication before test
	N	Median	IQR	N	Median	IQR	N	Median	IQR
Baseline
QbActivity	67	1.20	1.80	54	1.25	1.95	13	1.10	1.60
QbImpulsivity	67	0.30	2.00	54	0.15	1.85	13	1.30	2.55
QbInattention	67	0.70	1.80	54	0.55	1.90	13	0.90	1.30
BADDS	66	69.5	31.8	53	68.0	34.5	13	76.0	22.0
ASRS-A	67	16.0	6.0	54	15.5	5.3	13	18	7.0
GAF	66	67.5	12.0	53	67.0	13.0	13	68.0	10.0
CGI-S	65	4.0	1.0	53	4.0	1.0	12	4.0	2.0
4-year follow-up
QbActivity	41	0.3	2.05	–	–	–	–	–	–
QbImpulsivity	41	−0.10	1.20	–	–	–	–	–	–
QbInattention	41	0.3	1.55	–	–	–	–	–	–
BADDS	41	52.0	46.0	–	–	–	–	–	–
ASRS-A	43	14.0	7.0	–	–	–	–	–	–
GAF	40	65.0	14.0	–	–	–	–	–	–
CGI-S	40	3.0	2.0	–	–	–	–	–	–

Table 3 Spearman correlation coefficients in non-medicated patients with ADHD (N = 13) between QbTest+ cardinals and self-reports (BADDS and ASRS) and clinical measures (GAF and CGI-S) at baseline (N = 13 (12 for CGI-S); upper panel) or at the 4-year follow-up (N = 7–8; lower panel).

	BADDS	ASRS	GAF	CGI-S
Concurrent Q-score associations with rating scale scores at baseline
QbActivity	0.19	.30*	0.04	−0.10
QbImpulsivity	−0.02	0.05	−0.04	0.07
QbInattention	.32*	0.13	−0.08	−0.17
Baseline Q-score associations with rating scale scores 4 years later
QbActivity	0.26	.40*	−0.06	0.11
QbImpulsivity	0.29	0.22	−0.33	0.21
QbInattention	.49**	.52**	−0.18	0.22

* correlation is significant at the .05 level (2-tailed); ^**correlation is significant at the .01 level (2-tailed).

Data availability statement

The datasets generated and/or analysed for this study are not publicly available due to the Swedish law for register data. However, data will be available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.