Basic Psychological Needs and Mental Health in Adolescents with a Mild to Borderline Intellectual Disability

Figures & data

Figure 1. Numbers of participants, non-responder and drop outs.

Table 1. Descriptives and outcome of mental health indicators and Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) for the total group and differences between the two subgroups.

	Total group (n = 324)		MBID-G^1 (n = 240)		MBID-SBP^2 (n = 84)		Differences between subgroups
	n	%	n	%	n	%	Sig.^3
Gender Female	139	42.9	100	41.7	39	46.4	.448
Country of birth (vs. other) The Netherlands	296	91.5	220	91.7	76	90.5	.738
	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	Sig.
Age (yrs)	15.15	1.53	14.83	1.46	16.05	1.35	.000^4
SCARED-41 total score n and % on/above cutoff score	18.45 88	13.02 27.2%	16.56 50	11.47 20.8%	23.86 38	15.51 45.2%	.000^6 .000^3
CDI total score* n and % on/above cutoff score	10.34 48	8.14 14.81%	9.40 27	6.61 11.3%	13.02 21	11.06 25%	.006^6 .002^3
YSR Externalization score n and % on/above cutoff score	10.74 61	7.16 18.8%	9.27 28	5.67 11.8%	14.89 33	9.11 39.3%	.000^6 .000^3
Autonomy – satisfaction	13.20	3.34	13.52	3.24	12.31	3.46	.006^5
Autonomy – frustration	9.86	3.47	9.38	3.20	11.23	3.86	.000^5
Relatedness – satisfaction	15.76	3.91	15.80	3.74	15.64	4.39	.770^5
Relatedness – frustration	8.30	3.04	7.92	2.65	9.39	3.75	.001^6
Competence – satisfaction	15.20	3.81	15.48	3.59	14.38	4.29	.037^5
Competence – frustration	8.89	3.70	8.24	3.12	10.73	4.52	.000^6

Note: ¹ This group consists of the participants of four schools for students with MBID (“general” MBID group). ² This group consists of the participants from one school, affiliated with a residential treatment facility for adolescents with MBID and severe behavioral problems. ³ p-value, based on χ² test. ⁴ p-value, based on t-test. ⁵ p-value, based on one-way ANOVA. ⁶ p-value, based on one-way ANOVA with Welch correction for unequal variance.

Table 2. Pearson correlation coefficients for Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) in association with mental health indicators.

	SCARED-41 total score				CDI total score				YSR Externalization score
	Total group (n = 324)	MBID-G^1 (n = 240)	MBID-SBP^2 (n = 84)	Difference between subgroup correlations (Fisher’s Z)	Total group	MBID-G	MBID-SBP	Difference between subgroup correlations (Fisher’s Z)	Total group	MBID-G	MBID-SBP	Difference between subgroup correlations (Fisher’s Z)
Autonomy – satisfaction	−.29**	−.21**	−.39**	1.54	−.47**	−.40**	−.55**	1.51	−.17**	.03	−.39**	3.43**
Autonomy – frustration	.35**	.23**	.45**	−1.95	.39**	.23**	.57**	−3.21**	.43**	.29**	.53**	−2.27*
Relatedness – satisfaction	−.10	−.02	−.25*	1.83	−.52**	−.50**	−.59**	1.00	−.09	.10	−.36**	3.71**
Relatedness – frustration	.53**	.48**	.55**	−.74	.55**	.38**	.73**	−4.11**	.40**	.23**	.50**	−2.45*
Competence – satisfaction	−.35**	−.25**	−.48**	2.08	−.69**	−.61**	−.83**	3.72**	−.25**	−.08	−.45**	3.14**
Competence – frustration	.66**	.59**	.70**	−1.47	.59**	.44**	.74**	−3.72**	.50**	.29**	.63**	−3.44**

Note: ¹ This group consists of the participants of four schools for students with MBID (“general” MBID group). ² This group consists of the participants from one school, affiliated with a residential treatment facility for adolescents with MBID and severe behavioral problems. * significance p < .05. ** significance p < .01. Significance is only marked * or ** if the correlation or the difference between the subgroup correlations remained significant after applying the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure to reduce the false discovery rate.