The World Trade Center Health Program: Cancer screening and cancer care best practices

Figures & data

Table 1. Cancer screening tests recommended for asymptomatic persons by USPSTF (i.e., tests assigned an “A” or “B” grade recommendation).

Cancer Screening Test	Screening Eligibility Criteria	Frequency of screening
Breast Cancer
Mammography	Women aged 50 to 74 years	Every 2 years
Cervical Cancer
Cervical cytology	Women aged 21 to 65 years	Every 3 years
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone	Women aged 30 to 65 years	Every 5 years
hrHPV and Cervical cytology	Women aged 30 to 65 years	Every 5 years
Colorectal Cancer
High-sensitivity guaiac fecal occult blood test	Adults aged 45 to 75 years	Annually
Fecal immunochemical test	Adults aged 45 to 75 years	Annually
Stool DNA test with fecal immunochemical test	Adults aged 45 to 75 years	Every 1 to 3 years*
Colonoscopy	Adults aged 45 to 75 years	Every 10 years
CT colonography	Adults aged 45 to 75 years	Every 5 years
Flexible sigmoidoscopy	Adults aged 45 to 75 years	Every 5 years
Flexible sigmoidoscopy with FIT	Adults aged 45 to 75 years	Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 10 y plus FIT every year
Lung Cancer
Low dose Chest CT	Adults aged 50 to 80 years who have a ≥ 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit smoking within the past 15 years	Annually

Sources: Siu et al¹¹; USPSTF et al¹²; USPSTF et al¹³; USPSTF et al.¹⁴ USPSTF = US Preventive Services Task Force.

* As stated by the manufacturer.

Siu AL; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(4):279–296. doi:10.7326/M15-2886.

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US Preventive Services Task Force; Krist AH, Davidson KW, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;325(10):962–970. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.1117.

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US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, Krist AH, Owens DK, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2018;320(7):674–686. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.10897.

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US Preventive Services Task Force, Davidson KW, Barry MJ, Mangione CM, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2021;325(19):1965–1977. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.6238.

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