Monsoon Marauders and Summer Violence: Exploring the Spatial Relationship between Climate Change and Terrorist Activity in India

Figures & data

Table 1. Number of terrorist attacks by month in India 1998–2017.

Month	Number of terrorist incidents (n)
January	757
February	597
March	640
April	899
May	872
June	764
July	810
August	898
September	641
October	793
November	788
December	637
TOTAL	9,096

Table 2. Monthly data points, stations, & kriging results.

Month	Number of points	Number of unique stations	Temperature RMSE	Precipitation RMSE	Elevation RMSE	Distance from equator RMSE
January	668	89	1.06	3.02
February	805	93	2.03	2.01
March	765	92	1.91	2.96
April	602	85	2.52	14.65
May	543	87	2.45	81.00
June	393	83	2.45	160.72
July	508	86	2.35	260.81
August	585	88	2.13	224.06
September	636	93	2.07	91.09
October	726	94	2.15	22.16
November	774	93	2.056	21.534
December	746	93	2.037	2.304
Total	7751	97			362.53	0.99

Figure 1. Average temperatures in India comparing 1968–1997 to 1998–2017.

Table 3. One-sample T-test comparing average temperatures from 1968–1997 to 1998–2017.

Month	Statistic (t)
January	−2.332**
February	−0.721
March	−0.343
April	−1.789*
May	1.252
June	4.634***
July	5.402***
August	−0.097
September	0.224
October	−3.09**
November	0.819
December	−0.492

Significance *0.1, **0.05, ***0.001.

Figure 2. Kernel density of all terrorist incidents 1998–2017.

Figure 3. India’s distance to the equator.

Figure 4. Comparison of May and July climate variables.

Figure 5. Boolean suitability rasters of combined climatological effects on terrorism in India.