Social Disparities in the Receipt of Contraceptive Services Among Sexually Experienced Adolescent Females

Figures & data

TABLE 1 Characteristics of the Adolescent Females in the Total Sample: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, 1994–1995 (N = 2,031)

Adolescent characteristics	% (SE)
Race and ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	69.3 (3.9)
Non-Hispanic Black	20.0 (3.6)
Non-Hispanic “other”	2.6 (0.7)
Hispanic/Latina	8.1 (1.6)
Income to poverty ratio
0%–100%	21.2 (2.2)
101%–200%	22.3 (1.3)
201%–300%	21.4 (1.7)
301%–400%	13.1 (1.2)
401% and higher	22.0 (1.7)
Parental education
Less than high school	16.4 (1.8)
High school degree	34.0 (1.7)
Some college or technical training	31.0 (1.7)
College degree or more	18.6 (1.6)
Health insurance
Yes	87.5 (1.1)
No	12.5 (1.1)
Driver's license
Yes	50.7 (2.6)
No	49.3 (2.6)
Two-parent household
Yes	59.9 (2.2)
No	40.1 (2.2)
Receipt of routine physical
Yes	65.9 (1.8)
No	34.1 (1.8)
Received school sex education
Yes	90.0 (1.1)
No	10.0 (1.1)
School provides reproductive healthcare services
Yes	6.3 (2.9)
No	93.7 (2.9)
Sexually transmitted infection history
Yes	6.7 (0.7)
No	93.3 (0.7)
Pregnancy history
Yes	16.4 (1.4)
No	83.6 (1.4)
Lived in poor neighborhood
Yes	24.3 (4.2)
No	75.7 (4.2)
Lived in lower-educated neighborhood
Yes	57.2 (4.8)
No	42.8 (4.8)
Lived in neighborhood with low % of employed women
Yes	33.4 (4.5)
No	66.6 (4.5)
Lived in urban neighborhood
Yes	51.7 (5.4)
No	48.3 (5.4)
Note. Sample size unweighted, proportions weighted.

TABLE 2 Unadjusted and Adjusted Logistic Regression Analyses on the Associations Between Adolescent Characteristics and Adolescent Receipt of Contraceptive Services: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, 1994–1995 (N = 2,031)

Adolescent characteristics	Unadjusted model OR (95% CI)	Adjusted model OR (95% CI)
Race
Hispanic	0.80 (0.53–1.20)	1.04 (0.62–1.75)
Non-Hispanic Black	1.45 (1.08–1.94)*	1.32 (0.87–1.99)
Non-Hispanic “other”	1.07 (0.60–1.91)	1.57 (0.82–3.01)
Non-Hispanic White (reference)	1.00	1.00
Foreign-born	0.80 (0.34–1.91)	1.17 (0.46–2.96)
Income to poverty ratio
0%–100%	1.15 (0.84–1.59)	1.13 (0.68–1.87)
101%–200%	0.96 (0.68–1.35)	0.88 (0.58–1.35)
201%–300%	0.82 (0.59–1.14)	0.76 (0.51–1.14)
301%–400%	0.84 (0.58–1.23)	0.86 (0.56–1.32)
400% or more (reference)	1.00	1.00
Parental education
Less than high school	1.49 (1.04–2.12)*	1.70 (1.05–2.76)*
High school degree or GED	1.23 (0.90–1.68)	1.26 (0.89–1.78)
Some college/technical	1.17 (0.83–1.66)	1.16 (0.79–1.72)
College degree or more (reference)	1.00	1.00
Pregnancy undesirable	0.73 (0.64–0.83)*	0.88 (0.76–1.03)
Barriers to birth control	0.71 (0.59–0.85)*	0.67 (0.53–0.85)*
Mom disapprove of sex	0.61 (0.53–0.70)*	0.73 (0.62–0.87)*
Mom disapprove of birth control	0.64 (0.58–0.70)*	0.76 (0.67–0.86)*
Health insurance	1.17 (0.81–1.69)	1.40 (0.94–2.08)
Received routine physical past year	2.13 (1.68–2.72)*	1.84 (1.41–2.40)*
Driver's license	1.61 (1.29–2.00)*	1.67 (1.24–2.24)*
Two-parent household	0.70 (0.56–0.86)*	0.81 (0.60–1.10)
Received school sex education	1.62 (1.05–2.50)*	1.45 (0.93–2.28)
School provides reproductive healthcare	1.09 (0.70–1.71)	0.99 (0.52–1.86)
Sexually transmitted infection history	4.71 (2.76–8.04)*	3.96 (2.02–7.78)*
Pregnancy history	2.36 (1.73–3.22)*	1.79 (1.25–2.57)*
Neighborhood poverty >20%	1.01 (0.76–1.34)	0.86 (0.51–1.45)
Neighborhood low education >25%	1.16 (0.91–1.47)	1.10 (0.82–1.48)
Neighborhood female employment	0.88 (0.67–1.15)	0.83 (0.57–1.22)
Neighborhood in urban area	0.87 (0.69–1.10)	0.81 (0.59–1.09)
Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.Sample size unweighted, OR and CI weighted.
Source. Harris et al. (2003) and Udry (2003).

Harris , K. M. , Florey , F. , Tabor , J. , Bearman , P. S. , Jones , J. and Udry , J. R. 2003 . The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health: Research design. Retrieved July 22, 2007, from http://www.cpc.unc.edu/projects/addhealth/design.

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Udry , J. R. 2003 . The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), Waves I–II, 1994–1996; Wave III, 2001–2002 [machine-readable data file and documentation]. Chapel Hill, NC : Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. .

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