Serum leptin correlates in fertile and idiopathic infertile Yemeni males: a comparative cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1. The correlation between serum leptin levels and some parameters in the fertile (A, B, C) and infertile (D, E, F) male subjects. BMI: body mass index; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; PRL: prolactin; WC: waist circumference. p-value indicates the significance between leptin and other parameters in the fertile and the infertile groups. r: correlation coefficient.

Table 1. Main physical, seminal and serum hormonal parameters of fertile (n = 30) and infertile (n = 30) male subjects (mean ± SEM).

Parameter	Fertile group	Infertile group	p-value
Age (years)	28.33 ± 0.93	28.56 ± 1.09	0.872
Height (cm)	163.63 ± 1.38	166.73 ± 1.56	0.144
Weight (kg)	60.06 ± 2.32	65.96 ± 2.32	0.078
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.24 ± 0.74	23.89 ± 0.85	0.187
WC (cm)	81.65 ± 1.84	90.43 ± 2.14	0.005**
Semen Volume (mL)	3.03 ± 0.22	2.86 ± 0.23	0.612
Sperm concentration (millions/mL)	48.97 ± 4.18	8.55 ± 1.90	0.000***
Total sperm count (millions/ejaculation)	150.02 ± 18.20	28.35 ± 8.40	0.000***
Progressive motility (%)	51.53 ± 2.13	19.76 ± 3.24	0.000***
Sperm with abnormal morphology (%)	30.26 ± 2.24	43.06 ± 4.36	0.000***
Leptin (ng/mL)	3.14 ± 0.72	7.07 ± 1.45	0.020*
Testosterone (ng/mL)	6.00 ± 0.46	5.34 ± 0.37	0.270
PRL (ng/mL)	17.27 ± 1.49	24.96 ± 2.79	0.019*
FSH (mIU/mL)	4.53 ± 0.46	12.97 ± 3.54	0.025*
LH (mIU/mL)	6.40 ± 0.36	9.77 ± 1.59	0.048*

BMI: body mass index; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; PRL: prolactin; WC: waist circumference. p-value at *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 indicate the significant from the fertile group.

Table 2. The correlation between serum leptin levels and the physical, seminal and hormonal parameters in the fertile (n = 30) and infertile (n = 30) male subjects.

Parameter	Leptin correlation in the fertile subjects		Leptin correlation in idiopathic infertile subjects
	r	p-value	r	p-value
Age (years)	0.105	0.582	–0.013	0.944
Height (cm)	0.061	0.751	0.044	0.817
Weight (kg)	0.483	0.007**	0.296	0.112
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.516	0.004**	0.309	0.097
WC (cm)	0.494	0.005**	0.346	0.061
Semen volume (mL)	–0.136	0.473	0.030	0.874
Sperms conc. (millions/mL)	0.340	0.066	–0.127	0.504
Total sperms count (millions/ ejaculation)	0.090	0.635	–0.058	0.762
Progressive motility (%)	0.014	0.940	–0.295	0.114
Abnormal sperms morphology (%)	.000	1.000	–0.280	0.135
Testosterone (ng/mL)	–0.481	0.007**	–0.564	0.001**
PRL (ng/mL)	0.139	0.465	–0.170	0.370
FSH (mIU/mL)	–0.071	0.709	0.484	0.007**
LH (mIU/mL)	–0.203	0.283	0.363	0.049*

BMI: body mass index; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; PRL: prolactin; WC: waist circumference. p-value at *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 indicate the significant from the fertile group. r: correlation coefficient.

Table 3. Physical and serum hormonal parameters in the fertile group and infertile subgroups of male subjects (mean ± SEM).

Parameter	Fertile NZ (n = 30)	OZ (n = 5)	AZ (n = 6)	OAZ (n = 9)	OAT (n = 5)	NOA (n = 5)	p-value
Age (years)	28.33 ± 0.93	28.40 ± 2.15	30.16 ± 4.15	29.66 ± 1.50	24.60 ± 1.24	28.80 ± 2.65	0.647
Height (cm)	163.63 ± 1.38	169.20 ± 4.67	166.66 ± 3.95	166.00 ± 2.12	165.40 ± 2.61	167.00 ± 6.02	0.745
Weight (kg)	60.06 ± 2.32	67.40 ± 5.31	68.00 ± 4.95	68.88 ± 5.57	59.60 ± 2.44	63.20 ± 5.86	0.403
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.37 ± 0.74	23.64 ± 1.93	24.58 ± 1.70	24.82 ± 1.66	22.21 ± 1.24	23.31 ± 3.24	0.965
WC (cm)	82.13 ± 1.84	90.00 ± 3.56	91.50 ± 3.47	91.55 ± 4.48	85.00 ± 1.81	93.00 ± 9.09	0.098
Leptin (ng/mL)	3.14 ± 0.72^c,d	2.88 ± 1.27^c	5.15 ± 1.92^c	8.91 ± 2.89	3.15 ± 0.26^c	14.18 ± 5.56	0.003**
Testosterone (ng/mL)	6.00 ± 0.46	6.41 ± 1.22	5.15 ± 0.74	5.25 ± 0.79	5.66 ± 0.20	4.32 ± 0.99	0.653
PRL (ng/mL)	17.27 ± 1.49^b	20.13 ± 2.9	27.09 ± 5.45	17.14 ± 2.68^b	31.81 ± 3.26	34.50 ± 13.45	0.011*
FSH (mIU/mL)	4.53 ± 0.46	7.84 ± 4.38	5.78 ± 1.79	8.51 ± 2.11	7.45 ± 0.74	40.31 ± 16.74^a	0.000***
LH (mIU/mL)	6.40 ± 0.36	6.74 ± 2.03	6.77 ± 0.81	7.46 ± 1.23	6.92 ± 0.82	23.39 ± 6.61^a	0.000***

BMI: body mass index; FSH: follicle-stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; PRL: prolactin; WC: waist circumference. p-value at *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 indicate the significance from the fertile group.

Values. ^aSignificantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to the fertile group and the other infertile subgroups. ^bSignificantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the OAT and (NOA) subgroups. ^cSignificantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the NOA subgroup. ^dSignificantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to the OAZ subgroup.