New trends in environmental costs reduction in industrial engineering in the Czech Republic

Figures & data

Figure 1 Relationship between environmental and economic objectives.

Table 1 Production of waste in the Czech Republic according to origin in accordance with Branch Classification of Economic Activities by regions, 2002–2007 (Environmental Yearbook of the Czech Republic 2008).

Waste (in thousand tons)	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007
Agriculture and forestry waste	5817	5281	3876	2180	1304	782
Mining and quarrying waste	597	689	685	612	459	107
Industrial waste	9510	7938	7647	5794	6575	6418
Waste from water treatment and distribution	819	755	669	1085	413	485
Construction and demolition waste	5924	6632	9179	8952	8684	15,196
Wastes from energy prod. (excl. radioactive)	6425	6602	5305	1884	2047	1900
Waste from sanitation and similar activities	–	257	393	280	1369	120
Municipal waste	4615	4446	4651	4439	3979	4130
Other waste	4261	3487	6299	4576	4605	2316
Total	37,968	36,087	38,704	29,802	28,066	31,453

Table 2 General differences in the requirements for ISO 14001 and EMAS (Vaněček 2008).

	ISO 14001	EMAS
Force	Worldwide	EU members
Acceptance	All kinds of companies (e.g. industry, services, public service)	All organizations that have impact on the environment
Implementation	Economically separate parts of a company or a company as a whole	In the whole company area
Introductory environmental review	Not requested but recommended	Compulsory
Public documents	Only environmental policy	Environmental policy and the declaration about the state of the environment
Environmental declaration	None	Is requested
End of the process	Certification	Verification of declaration about the state of the environment
End of the process ensured by	Auditor of a certification company	Accredited environmental verifier
Frequency of audit	Not provided	Three-year most
Logo usage	None (except the certification authority logo after an agreement)	Usage of EMAS logo
Registration	In terms of issued certifications by particular certification organisations	Corresponding subjects of particular member states

Figure 2 The number of cleaner production projects intiated in the Czech Republic (www.cenia.cz).

Table 3 The emissions of carbon dioxide and other direct greenhouse gases in the Czech Republic, 1990, 1995, 2000–2006 (Environmental Yearbook of the Czech Republic 2008).

Greenhouse gas	Mt CO2eq
	1990	1995	2000	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006
CO2	159.8	123.5	119.3	120.6	117.0	119.9	120.5	119.4	124.4
Of which, CO2 emissions	163.9	131.1	126.8	128.3	124.6	125.9	126.6	125.9	127.9
Of which, CO2 sinks in LULUCF	− 4.1	− 7.6	− 7.5	− 7.7	− 7.6	− 5.9	− 6.1	− 6.5	− 3.5
CH4	18.5	13.7	12.2	12.3	12.1	11.8	11.6	11.7	12.0
N2O	11.9	8.1	7.7	7.9	7.6	7.2	7.8	7.5	7.4
F gases	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.7	1.0
Total (including LULUCF)	190.3	145.4	139.6	141.4	137.3	139.7	140.6	139.3	144.8
International air transport	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.1
LULUCF, land use, land use change and forestry.

Table 4 Overall energy balance sheet for the Czech Republic, 2003–2007 (Environmental Yearbook of the Czech Republic 2008).

Indicator	PJ
	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007^a
Domestic natural resources	1352.2	1350.6	1343.0	1363.8	1357.2
Of which
Solid fuels	1047.9	1037.9	1045.7	1055.9	2052.6
Liquid fuels	13.3	14.1	13.3	12.1	10.4
Gaseous fuels	5.3	6.8	6.5	6.2	6.4
Primary heat and electricity	285.7	291.8	277.5	289.6	287.8
Imports	792.4	785.7	841.0	880.9	851.2
Of which
Solid fuels	49.8	61.1	43.7	74.9	86.5
Liquid fuels	376.9	382.9	428.4	423.8	428.4
Gaseous fuels	329.4	306.5	324.4	341.0	299.6
Exports	335.4	333.5	329.5	365.5	377.1
Of which
Solid fuels	193.8	207.3	196.2	232.7	234.8
Liquid fuels	42.9	28.2	36.1	36.0	28.0
Gaseous fuels	3.9	6.1	7.2	10.0	19.3
Drawing on inventories	7.3	50.9	4.4	− 0.5	48.2
Primary energy resources used in the Czech Republic	1815.9	1849.5	1855.7	1878.7	1878.5
Of which
Solid fuels	908.8	907.6	899.4	914.9	933.2
Liquid fuels	343.0	371.4	389.8	390.9	416.4
Gaseous fuels	336.9	335.4	334.6	328.9	300.3
Primary heat and electricity	227.2	235.1	231.9	244.0	229.6
Total losses	720.0	730.7	724.9	750.8	750.8
Final consumption, total	1088.8	1118.8	1130.8	1128.7	1128.7
^aPreliminary data.

Environmental Yearbook of the Czech Republic, 2008. Ministry of the environment of the Czech Republic. Available from http://www.old.mzp.cz [Accessed 20 March 2009]

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Vaněček , V. 2003 . Company environmental accounting – its state and possibilities in the Czech Republic Department of the Environment of the Czech Republic. Available from: http://www.env.cz/www/zamest.nsf/0/be86f573fbfff265c1256d60002ecf94?OpenDocument [Accessed 2 January 2008]

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