Prediction of gas composition of Jatropha curcas Linn oil cake in entrained flow reactors using ASPEN PLUS simulation software

Figures & data

Figure 1 The conversion of Jatropha curcas waste into crude jatropha oil.

Table 1 Chemical reactions in the gasifier.

Reaction type	Reaction name	Chemical reaction	Enthalpy (ΔH°; kJ/kmol)
Oxidation	1. Complete combustion	C+O2 ↔ CO2	− 394
	2. Partial combustion	C+½ O2 ↔ CO	− 111
	3. Steam production	H+½ O2 ↔ H2O	− 242
	4. CO oxidation	CO+½ O2 ↔ CO2	− 283
Reduction	5. Boudouard reaction	CO2 + C ↔ 2CO	+172
	6. Water–gas reaction	C+H2O ↔ CO+H2	+131
	7. Water–gas shift reaction	CO+H2O ↔ CO2 + H2	− 42
	8. Methane production	C+2H2 ↔ CH4	− 75

Figure 2 Comprehensive flowsheet on gasification process.

Table 2 The ultimate and proximate analyses of feedstock.

	Ultimate analysis (db wt%)					Proximate analysis (db wt%)				Heating value (kJ/kg)
Material	C	H	O	N	S	Moisture	Ash	Volatile	FC	LHV
Rice husk (Jinsong et al. 2009)	37.18	4.26	31.29	0.68	0.15	9.23	17.21	58.69	14.87	15,039
Sawdust (Jinsong et al. 2009)	48.88	6.29	33.59	1.70	0.06	4.79	4.69	72.29	18.23	21,553
JCL oil cake (Hernandez et al. 2010)	59.17	6.52	33.93	0.38	0	8.71	4.3	70.92	16.06	13,559

Table 3 The set-up data are used by simulation.

Parameter	Value
Entrained flow reactor
Temperature (°C)	1000–1400
Pressure (bar)	1.05
Feedstock material
Rice husk (kg/h)	1
Sawdust (kg/h)	1
Nitrogen (N2)
Temperature (°C)	25
Flow rate (kg/h)	1
Oxygen
Temperature (°C)	25
Flow rate (kg/h)	0.4
Preheater
Temperature (°C)	400

Table 4 Energy balance of biomass.

Feed	(kJ/kg·°C)	h _B (W)	h _G (W)	h_R (W)
Sawdust	1.73	1439.28	1202.20	118
Rice husk	1.73	1528.55	1543.80	− 125
JCL oil cake	1.84	1453.06	1192.82	197

Table 5 Comparison of product gas compositions obtained with experiments and simulations at 1000°C.

	Rice husk		Sawdust
Product gases	Experiment	Simulation	Experiment	Simulation
CO	44	40.47	40	46.3
H2	28	29.07	33	27.45
CO2	20	25.81	20	15
CH4	7	4.65	7.5	11.25

Figure 3 Experiments and simulation results of product gas with rice husk gasification as a function of temperature.

Figure 4 Experiment and simulation results of product gases with sawdust gasification as a function of temperature.

Table 6 Mean error analyses.

	Mean error
	CO	H2	CO2	CH4
Rice husk	0.0499	0.0838	0.5294	0.8776
Sawdust	0.1267	0.1367	0.5815	0.6115

Figure 5 Effect of temperature on the product gases of rice husk, sawdust and JCL oil cake. (a) Carbon monoxide (CO), (b) hydrogen (H₂), (c) carbon dioxide (CO₂) and (d) methane (CH₄).

Figure 6 Maximum and minimum possible values of product gases of JCL oil cake according to mean error analysis prediction. (a) Carbon monoxide (CO), (b) hydrogen (H₂), (c) carbon dioxide (CO₂) and (d) methane (CH₄).

Jinsong , Z. 2009 . Biomass-oxygen gasification in a high-temperature entrained-flow gasifier . Biotechnology Advances , 27 ( 5 ) : 606 – 611 .

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Hernández , J.J. , Aranda-Almansa , G. and Bula , A. 2010 . Gasification of biomass wastes in an entrained flow gasifier: effect of the particle size and the residence time . Fuel Processing Technology , 91 ( 6 ) : 681 – 692 .

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar