Studies on the use of low-volatile non-edible oils in a thermal barrier-coated diesel engine

Figures & data

Table 1 Properties of the fuels used.

Properties	Diesel	Cotton seed oil	COME	Honne seed oil	HnOME
Chemical formula	C13H24	–	–	–	–
Density (kg/m^3)	840	900	885	910	880
Calorific value (kJ/kg)	43,000	38,049	39,648	39,100	39,798
Viscosity at 40°C (cSt)	2–5	50	5.00	32.48	4.5
Flash point (°C)	75	210	167	228	187.5
Cetane number	45–55	48	45	51
Carbon residue	0.13	0.55	0.01	0.01	0.01
Cloud point (°C)	− 2	–	7	− 2.5	− 1
Pour point (°C)	− 5	–	4	− 0.8	− 8
Molecular weight (kg/kg mol)	181	–	227	–	–
Autoignition temperature (°C)	260	–	470	–	–
Ash content (% by mass)	0.57	–	0.01	–	–

Figure 1 Overall view of the experimental setup with EGR arrangement. 1 – Control Panel, 2 – Computer system, 3 – Diesel flow line, 4 – Air flow line, 5 – Calorimeter, 6 – Exhaust gas analyzer, 7 – Smoke meter, 8 – Rota meter, 9, 11 – Inlet water temperature, 10 – Calorimeter inlet water temperature,12 – Calorimeter outlet water temperature, 13 – Dynamometer, 14 – CI Engine, 15 – Speed measurement,16 – Burette for fuel measurement, 17 – Exhaust gas outlet, 18 – Outlet water temperature, T1 – Inlet water temperature, T2 – Outlet water temperature, T3 – Exhaust gas temperature.

Table 2 Specifications of the engine.

Make and Model	Kirloskar, TV1
No. of cylinders	One
Orientation	Vertical
Cycle	4 Stroke
Ignition system	Compression ignition
Bore X Stroke	87.5 mm X 110 mm
Displacement volume	660 cc
Compression ration	17.5:1
Arrangement of valves	Overhead
Combustion chamber	Open chamber (Direct Injection)
Rated power	5.2 kW (7 HP) @1500 rpm
Cooling medium	Water cooled

Figure 2 Piston and cylinder head coated with PSZ.

Figure 3 Piston and cylinder head coated with Al₂O₃.

Figure 4 Effect of the variation in brake power on BTE.

Figure 5 Effect of the variation in brake power on smoke opacity.

Figure 6 Effect of the variation in brake power on HC emissions.

Figure 7 Effect of the variation in brake power on CO emissions.

Figure 8 Effect of the variation in brake power on NO _x emissions.

Figure 9 Effect of the variation in brake power on ignition delay.

Figure 10 Effect of the variation in brake power on combustion duration.

Figure 11 Effect of the variation in cylinder pressure versus crank angle at an 80% load.

Figure 12 Effect of the variation in heat release rate with HnOME and COME at an 80% load.

Figure 13 Effect of the variation in brake power on BTE.

Figure 14 Effect of the variation in brake power on smoke opacity.

Figure 15 Effect of the variation in brake power on HC emissions.

Figure 16 Effect of the variation in brake power on CO emissions.

Figure 17 Effect of the variation in brake power on NO _x emissions.

Figure 18 Effect of the variation in brake power on ignition delay.

Figure 19 Effect of the variation in brake power on combustion duration.

Figure 20 Effect of the variation in cylinder pressure versus crank angle at an 80% load.

Figure 21 Effect of the variation in heat release rate with HnOME and COME at an 80% load.