Performance of a twin cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode using woody biomass producer gas

Figures & data

Table 1 Composition of producer gas.

CO	19 ± 3%
CO2	10 ± 3%
Nitrogen	50%
Hydrogen	18 ± 2%
Methane	Up to 3%

Table 2 Properties of test fuels.

Properties	Diesel	Producer gas
Viscosity at 40°C (cSt)	2–5	–
Calorific value	42,500 kJ/kg	3271 kJ/kg
Density (kg/m^3)	840	1.28
Cetane number	47	–
Flash point (°C)	48	–
Fire point (°C)	55	–
Octane number	–	100–105
Laminar burning velocity	–	0.5 ± 0.05 m/s

Figure 1 Photographic view of the sample of wood pieces.

Table 3 Ultimate and approximate analysis of biomass feed stock babul wood.

Sl. No.	Characteristics	Corresponding values
1	Size (mm)	25 × 25
2	Bulk density (kg/m^3)	395
3	Moisture content (%wb)	10.2
4	Volatile matter (%db)	83.42
5	Ash content (%db)	1.05
6	Fixed carbon (%db)	15.53
7	Calorific values (kcal/kg)	3895

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the experimental engine set-up.

Table 4 Test engine specifications.

Make	Prakash Diesel Ltd
Rated horse power	14 hp
No of cylinder	Two
No of stroke	Four
rpm	1500
Compression ratio	16:1
Bore diameter	114 mm
Stroke length	110 mm
Injection pressure	220 bar
Injection timing	23° BTDC
Alternator	10.3 kW, directly coupled to engine 15 kVA, 21 A, 3-phase, 415 V

Table 5 Specification of down draft gasifier.

Supplier	Ankur Scientific Energy Technology Pvt. Ltd, Baroda
Model	WBG-10 in scrubbed, clean gas model
Gasifier type	Down draft
Rated gas flow	25 Nm^3/h
Average gas calorific value	1000 kcal/Nm^3
Gasification temperature	1050–1100°C
Fuel storage capacity	100 kg
Permissible moisture	Less than 20% (wb)
Rated hourly consumption	8–9 kg
Ash removal	Manually, dry ash discharge

Figure 3 Variations in BTE with brake power.

Figure 4 Variations in BSEC with brake power.

Figure 5 Variations in EGT with brake power.

Figure 6 Variations in CO with brake power.

Figure 7 Variations in HC with brake power

Figure 8 Variations in CO₂ with brake power.

Figure 9 Variations in NO with brake power.

Figure 10 Variations in opacity with brake power.

Figure 11 Variations in diesel savings with brake power.