Figures & data
Figure 1. The relationship between triple bottom line and sustainability.
Figure 2. Distribution of studies that have environmental and/or social objectives.
Figure 3. Distribution of papers relating to solution methods.
Figure 4. Distribution of implementation area quantity relating to solution methods.
Figure 5. The methodological steps and details.
Figure 6. General RL network structure.
Table 1. Case study characteristics.
Figure 7. The locations of the collection and recovery centres.
Figure 8. Allocation amounts in ton for Model 1.
Figure 9. The general structure of the proposed ANN model for product return rate forecasting.
Table 2. ANN results: return amount of alternative locations (in kg).
Figure 10. Allocation amounts in ton for Model 2.
Table 3. Results of Model 1 and Model 2.
Figure 11. The impact of decrease in capacities on total cost.
Figure 12. The impact of decrease in capacities on the total carbon dioxide emission.
Figure 13. The impact of increase in product return amount on the total cost (Model 1).
Figure 14. The impact of increase in product return amount on the total carbon dioxide emission (Model 1).
Figure 15. Decrease in total cost with decreasing capacities (Model 2).
Figure 16. Increase in total cost with increasing return amounts (Model 2).
Table 4. Yearly product return amount retrieved from trend analysis.
Figure 17. Change in the profit when return amount is increased.
