Effects of EGR on performance and emissions of a diesel engine fuelled with balanites aegyptiaca/diesel blends

Figures & data

Table 1. Properties of diesel and BAME.

Property	Diesel	BAME
Viscosity@40 °C Cst	2.60	4.46
Density (kg/m^3)	842	874.8
Calorific value (MJ/kg)	42.5	40.50
Flash point (^0C)	52	>160
Specific gravity (kg/m^3)	852	903.5

Table 2. Properties of test fuels.

Properties	D100	B10	B20
Calculated cetane index	52	48.3	47.3
Low heating value (MJ/kg)	42.5	40.5	41.25
Kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (mm^2/s)	2.6	2.8	2.98
Density (kg/m^3)	842	845.2	848.5
Oxygen content (%wt)	0	1.85	3.64

Table 3. Specifications of test engine.

Make	Kirloskar
BHP	3 kW
Rpm	1500
Cooling	Water cooled (for auxiliary head)
Bore	70 mm
Stroke Length	110 mm
Starting	Self starter/canking
Method Of Ignition	Compression IGN
Compression Ratio	17.5:1
Load	Eddy current dynamometer
Capacity	3.7KW

Table 4. Fuel properties.

Property	Units	BAME	D100
Density	kg/m^3	874.8	842
Viscosity	Cst	4.46	2.60
Calorific value	MJ/kg	42.50	42.5
Acid value	Mg KOH/gm	1.26	–
Flash point	^0C	>160	52
Pour point	^0C	0	−17
Water content	mg/kg	214	–
Ash content	%	0.001	0.01
Sulphur content	–	0.03	0.05
Carbon residue	%	0.19	0.15
Specific gravity	kg/m^3	903.5	850
CFPP	^0C	0	−25

Table 5. Comparison of BAME properties with various biodiesel standards before blending.

Property	BAME	IS 15607	ASTMD 6751	EN-14214
Density, kg/m^3	874.8	860–900	–	860–900
Viscosity, mm^2/s	4.46	2.5–6	1.9–6	3.5–5
Acid value, Mg KOH/gm	1.26	0.50	0.5	0.5
Flash point, °C	>160	120	>130	>101
Water content, mg/kg	214	500	500	500
Ash content, % (Max)	0.001	0.02	0.02	0.02
Carbon residue, %	0.19	0.05	0.05	0.3
Cetane number	42	51	47	51

Figure 1. Variation of BTE with load for 0% EGR.

Table 6. Performance and emission characteristics of D100 and BAME blends at full load.

BAME	Performance			Emission
	BTE	BSFC	EGT	CO	NOx	HC
D100	28.7	0.31	405	0.081	1598	40
B10	29.2	0.318	382	0.075	1389	36
B20	29.4	0.322	372	0.071	1209	33

Figure 2. Variation of BTE with EGR rate at high load.

Figure 3. Variation of BSFC with load for 0% EGR.

Figure 4. Variation of BSFC with EGR rate at high load.

Figure 5. Variation of EGT with load for 0% EGR.

Figure 6. Variation of EGT with EGR rate at high load.

Figure 7. Variation of CO Emissions with load for 0% EGR.

Figure 8. Variation of CO Emissions with EGR rate at high load.

Figure 9. Variation of NO_x Emissions with load for 0% EGR.

Figure 10. Variation of NO_x Emissions with EGR rate at high load.

Figure 11. Variation of HC Emissions with load for 0% EGR.

Figure 12. Variation of HC Emissions with EGR rate at high load.