Application of TISM and MICMAC for analysis of influential factors of sustainable development of tablet devices: a case study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Methodology.

Table 1. Relevant factors identified for sustainable development of tablet devices.

Code	Factor	Description	References
F1	Environmental impact	The actions over a period of time which repetitively damage environment are not sustainable. Sustainability of consumer electronics products can be assessed in terms of the environmental impact across its life cycle phases	Dincer (2000); De Silva et al. (2009); Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F2	Government regulations	It is the responsibility of the organisations to meet regulations of the authorities across the globe. Government legislations enable deployment of appropriate sustainability concepts. Government bodies help organisations to imbibe sustainability along with their practices	Ninlawan et al. (2010); Vinodh (2011); Tsai (2012); Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F3	Organisational initiative	Management initiative is a significant factor which influences sustainability of products. Management commitment enables allocation of appropriate resources for adopting sustainability concepts and principles. Introduction of sustainability policies would result in economic, social and environmental benefits	Luthra, Garg, and Haleem (2015); Hu and Hsu (2010); Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F4	Customer pressure	Upon the importance of sustainability being spread across globe, customers have been demanding sustainable products. Organisations are hence intending to achieve customer satisfaction by meeting their demands	Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F5	Technological advancements	Research and development to enable advancements in technology to support sustainable development of tablet devices by improving the efficiency of process	Vinodh (2011); Tsai (2012); Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F6	Competitiveness	Consumer electronic products are characterised by ever changing customer demands. In order to tackle business challenges by competitors, tablet device manufacturers should apply strategies to improve competitiveness	Tsai (2012)
F7	Time compression	Lead time is a deciding factor which reflects the efficiency of organisations. Development of products requires prototyping of the model. Efforts are to be made to facilitate time compression for sustainable development of tablet devices	Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F8	Product life	Values of consumption and waste of any product depends on its life. Product life extension strategies and schemes need to be deployed for sustainable development of tablet devices	Ninlawan et al. (2010); Fitzpatrick et al. (2014)
F9	Energy efficiency	The growing concern over depletion of energy sources is a main concern in the tablet devices industry and hence measures have to be taken to ensure efficient energy practices	De Silva et al. (2009); Moberg et al. (2010); Tsai (2012)
F10	Refurbishment and reuse potential	Design should facilitate reuse of tablet devices. Design for Environment guidelines have to be practised	Fitzpatrick et al. (2014)
F11	Disassemblability	Disassemblability is the ease with which the components of an assembly can be separated and also no part gets damaged due to the process. Design of tablet devices should ensure ease of disassembly to facilitate modularity, refurbishment and reuse	De Silva et al. (2009); Fitzpatrick et al. (2014)
F12	Minimal harmful quotient at End-of-Life (EoL)	The residuals at EoL have major impact on human health and ecosystem. The organisations committed for sustainable development of tablet devices should strive to minimise the harmful effluents and releases	Fitzpatrick et al. (2014)
F13	Recycling cost	Cost of recycling is a major factor which can affect the overall cost of manufacturing and the possibility of providing tablet devices at reasonable rates to the customers	De Silva et al. (2009)
F14	Product take back options	Tablet device manufacturers are responsible for the recovery of products. In order to sustain long-term business, the organisations must evolve appropriate take back options	De Silva et al. (2009)
F15	Reliability and safety	Reliability and safety of tablet devices need to be ensured. Reliability and safety ensures development of sustainable and dependable products	De Silva et al. (2009); Verma, Srividya, and Karanki (2010)
F16	Maintenance plan	Effective maintenance plans needs to be devised to avoid undesirable breakdowns and interruptions during development of tablet devices	De Silva et al. (2009); Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F17	Extent of recycled material usage	The recycled materials used should enable maximum replacement potential to reduce resource consumption and avail maximum sustainability benefits from the product	Bereketli, Genevois, and Ulukan (2009); Vimal and Vinodh (2013)
F18	Cost of recovery	Cost of recovery is an important aspect which decides the overall cost of the product.	De Silva et al. (2009)
F19	Opportunities to upgrade	The consumer needs change accordingly with advancements in technology. Design should enable consumers to upgrade their tablet devices. This will extend the product life	De Silva et al. (2009)
F20	Emissions	Emissions released during the development of tablet devices can cause serious damage to the eco-system which needs to be addressed	De Silva et al. (2009); Tsai (2012); Vimal and Vinodh (2013)

Table 2. Structural Self-Interaction Matrix (SSIM).

F	20	19	18	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
1	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Y
2	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
3	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y
4	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y
5	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	Y
6	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	N	N
7	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N
8	N	Y	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	Y
9	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
10	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
11	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
12	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
13	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
14	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	Y
15	N	Y	N	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N
16	N	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N
17	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	Y	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
18	N	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y
19	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	Y
20	Y	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	N	N	Y	N	N	N	N	N	N	Y	Y

Table 3. Initial Reachability Matrix.

F	20	19	18	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
2	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1
3	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
4	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
5	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1
6	0	1	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0
7	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
8	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1
9	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
10	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
11	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
12	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
13	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
14	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1
15	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
16	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
17	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
18	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
19	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
20	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1

Table 4. Final Reachability Matrix.

F	20	19	18	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
1	1	0	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
2	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1
3	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1*	0	0	0	0	1	0	1
4	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1*	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
5	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	0	0	1
6	0	1	0	1	0	1	1*	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	0	1*
7	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0
8	0	1	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	1
9	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
10	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
11	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
12	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
13	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
14	1	1	1*	1*	0	0	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	1
15	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
16	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0
17	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
18	0	1	1	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1
19	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	1
20	1	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1

Table 5. Level partition.

Factors	Reachability set	Antecedent set	Intersection set (RS∩AS)
Level 1
1	1,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,18,20	1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,18,19,20	1,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,18,20
2	1,2,3,4,5,8,12,13,14,17,18,19,20	2,4,20	2,4,20
3	1,3,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20	2,3,4,6,8	3,8
4	1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,17,18,19,20	2,4,8	2,4,8
5	1,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20	2,4,5,6,7,14,16	5,7,14
6	1,3,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,17,19	1,4,6,7,8,14,19	1,6,7,8,14,19
7	5,6,7,8,14,17,19	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8
8	1,3,4,6,7,8,14,15,17,19	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15	3,4,6,7,8,15
9	1,9,17,20	1,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,17,20	1,9,17,20
10	1,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18,19,20	1,3,4,5,6,10,16,17	1,10,16,17
11	1,9,11,17,18,19	1,3,5,10,11,14,15,16	1,11
12	1,12,17,18,20	1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,13,14,17,20	1,12,17,20
13	1,12,13,17,18	1,2,3,4,5,6,10,13,17,18	1,13,17,18
14	1,5,6,11,12,14,17,18,19,20	1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,14,15,16,17,18	1,5,6,14,17,18
15	8,11,14,15,19	3,4,5,6,8,15,16	8,15
16	5,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,19	3,10,16	10,16
17	1,9,10,12,13,14,17,18,19	1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18	1,9,10,12,13,14,17,18
18	1,13,14,17,18,19	1,2,3,4,5,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18	1,13,14,17,18
19	1,6,19	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,19,20	6,19
20	1,2,9,12,19,20	1,2,3,4,5,9,10,12,14,20	1,2,9,12,20
Level 2
2	2,3,4,5,8,12,13,14,17,18,19,20	2,4,20	2,4,20
3	3,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20	2,3,4,6,8	3,8
4	2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,13,14,15,17,18,19,20	2,4,8	2,4,8
5	5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20	2,4,5,6,7,14,16	5,7,14
6	3,5,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,15,17,19	4,6,7,8,14,19	6,7,8,14,19
7	5,6,7,8,14,17,19	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8
8	3,4,6,7,8,14,15,17,19	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15	3,4,6,7,8,15
10	8,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18,19,20	3,4,5,6,10,16,17	10,16,17
11	11,17,18,19	3,5,10,11,14,15,16	11
12	12,17,18,20	2,3,4,5,6,10,12,13,14,17,20	12,17,20
13	12,13,17,18	2,3,4,5,6,10,13,17,18	13,17,18
14	5,6,11,12,14,17,18,19,20	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,14,15,16,17,18	5,6,14,17,18
15	8,11,14,15,19	3,4,5,6,8,15,16	8,15
16	5,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,19	3,10,16	10,16
17	10,12,13,14,17,18,19	2,3,4,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18	10,12,13,14,17,18
18	13,14,17,18,19	2,3,4,5,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18	13,14,17,18
19	6,19	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,14,15,16,17,18,19,20	6,19
20	2,12,19,20	2,3,4,5,10,12,14,20	2,12,20
Level 3
2	2,3,4,5,8,12,13,14,17,18,20	2,4,20	2,4,20
3	3,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,20	2,3,4,6,8	3,8
4	2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,13,14,15,17,18,20	2,4,8	2,4,8
5	5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,20	2,4,5,6,7,14,16	5,7,14
6	3,5,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,15,17	4,6,7,8,14	6,7,8,14
7	5,6,7,8,14,17	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8
8	3,4,6,7,8,14,15,17	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15	3,4,6,7,8,15
10	8,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18,20	3,4,5,6,10,16,17	10,16,17
11	11,17,18	3,5,10,11,14,15,16	11
12	12,17,18,20	2,3,4,5,6,10,12,13,14,17,20	12,17,20
13	12,13,17,18	2,3,4,5,6,10,13,17,18	13,17,18
14	5,6,11,12,14,17,18,20	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,14,15,16,17,18	5,6,14,17,18
15	8,11,14,15	3,4,5,6,8,15,16	8,15
16	5,10,11,14,15,16,17,18	3,10,16	10,16
17	10,12,13,14,17,18	2,3,4,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18	10,12,13,14,17,18
18	13,14,17,18	2,3,4,5,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18	13,14,17,18
20	2,12,20	2,3,4,5,10,12,14,20	2,12,20
Level 4
2	2,3,4,5,8,12,13,14,17	2,4	2,4
3	3,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17	2,3,4,6,8	3,8
4	2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,13,14,15,17	2,4,8	2,4,8
5	5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15	2,4,5,6,7,14,16	5,7,14
6	3,5,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,15,17	4,6,7,8,14	6,7,8,14
7	5,6,7,8,14,17	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8
8	3,4,6,7,8,14,15,17	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15	3,4,6,7,8,15
10	8,10,11,12,13,14,16,17	3,4,5,6,10,16,17	10,16,17
11	11,17	3,5,10,11,14,15,16	11
12	12,17	2,3,4,5,6,10,12,13,14,17	12,17
13	12,13,17	2,3,4,5,6,10,13,17	13,17
14	5,6,11,12,14,17	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,14,15,16,17	5,6,14,17
15	8,11,14,15	3,4,5,6,8,15,16	8,15
16	5,10,11,14,15,16,17	3,10,16	10,16
17	10,12,13,14,17	2,3,4,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,16,17	10,12,13,14,17
Level 5
2	2,3,4,5,8,12,13,14	2,4	2,4
3	3,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16	2,3,4,6,8	3,8
4	2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,13,14,15	2,4,8	2,4,8
5	5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,15	2,4,5,6,7,14,16	5,7,14
6	3,5,6,7,8,10,12,13,14,15	4,6,7,8,14	6,7,8,14
7	5,6,7,8,14	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8
8	3,4,6,7,8,14,15	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15	3,4,6,7,8,15
10	8,10,11,12,13,14,16	3,4,5,6,10,16	10,16
11	11	3,5,10,11,14,15,16	11
13	12,13	2,3,4,5,6,10,13	13
14	5,6,11,12,14	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,14,15,16	5,6,14
15	8,11,14,15	3,4,5,6,8,15,16	8,15
16	5,10,11,14,15,16	3,10,16	10,16
Level 6
2	2,3,4,5,8,13,14	2,4	2,4
3	3,8,10,13,14,15,16	2,3,4,6,8	3,8
4	2,3,4,5,6,8,10,13,14,15	2,4,8	2,4,8
5	5,7,8,10,13,14,15	2,4,5,6,7,14,16	5,7,14
6	3,5,6,7,8,10,13,14,15	4,6,7,8,14	6,7,8,14
7	5,6,7,8,14	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8
8	3,4,6,7,8,14,15	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15	3,4,6,7,8,15
10	8,10,13,14,16	3,4,5,6,10,16	10,16
13	13	2,3,4,5,6,10,13	13
14	5,6,14	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,14,15,16	5,6,14
15	8,14,15	3,4,5,6,8,15,16	8,15
16	5,10,14,15,16	3,10,16	10,16
Level 7
2	2,3,4,5,8	2,4	2,4
3	3,8,10,15,16	2,3,4,6,8	3,8
4	2,3,4,5,6,8,10,15	2,4,8	2,4,8
5	5,7,8,10,15	2,4,5,6,7,16	5,7
6	3,5,6,7,8,10,15	4,6,7,8	6,7,8
7	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8	5,6,7,8
8	3,4,6,7,8,15	2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,15	3,4,6,7,8,15
10	8,10,16	3,4,5,6,10,16	10,16
15	8,15	3,4,5,6,8,15,16	8,15
16	5,10,15,16	3,10,16	10,16
Level 8
2	2,3,4,5	2,4	2,4
3	3,10,16	2,3,4,6	3
4	2,3,4,5,6,10	2,4	2,4
5	5,10	2,4,5,6,16	5
6	3,5,6,10	4,6	6
10	10,16	3,4,5,6,10,16	10,16
16	5,10,16	3,10,16	10,16
Level 9
2	2,3,4,5	2,4	2,4
3	3,16	2,3,4,6	3
4	2,3,4,5,6	2,4	2,4
5	5	2,4,5,6,16	5
6	3,5,6	4,6	6
16	5,16	3,10,16	16
Level 10
2	2,3,4	2,4	2,4
3	3,16	2,3,4,6	3
4	2,3,4,6	2,4	2,4
6	3,6	4,6	6
16	16	3,10,16	16
Level 11
2	2,3,4	2,4	2,4
3	3	2,3,4,6	3
4	2,3,4,6	2,4	2,4
6	3,6	4,6	6
Level 12
2	2,4	2,4	2,4
4	2,4,6	2,4	2,4
6	6	4,6	6
Level 13
4	4	4	4

The bold values for any factor in Table 5 indicates that for the factor, Reachability set and Intersection set are equal. And hence the factors in bold are not included for subsequent iterations. The factors removed for further iterations are placed in the digraph forming top to bottom levels.

Figure 2. TISM model of factors influencing sustainable development tablet devices.

Table 6. Interpretive matrix.

Code	20	19	18	17	16	15	14	13	12	11	10	9	8	7	6	5	4	3	2	1
1												L28
2																	L2	L5
3					L7
4															L3			L4	L1
5						L11					L9			L10
6																		L6
7							L14
8							L15
9																				L29
10								L13					L12
11				L19
12	L24		L23	L20
13										L17
14										L18
15							L16
16																L8
17			L22						L21
18		L25
19																				L27
20		L26

Table 7. Interpretation statements.

Link	Relation	Interpretation
L1	F4–F2	The customers require environmentally friendlier tablet devices which motivate the manufacturer to develop sustainable tablet devices. Customers being the major stakeholders of government, pressurise government to take necessary steps to ensure sustainability
L2	F2–F4	The legal bodies are fully aware of the growing concern over environmental and societal implications of tablet devices and hence exert equal pressure on its customers
L3	F4–F6	The organisations striving to achieve business excellence through customer satisfaction are motivated by customers for design and development of sustainable tablet devices
L4	F4–F3	Management is committed to provide value to its customers and hence the interests of customers are upheld by management through sustainability initiatives during the entire life cycle of tablet devices
L5	F2–F3	The laws pertaining to sustainable development of tablet devices enforced by legal authorities are stringent. The organisations are thus driven towards sustainable practices
L6	F6–F3	Competitiveness improves the zeal of management to transform their operations to sustainable practices
L7	F3–F16	The organisations incidentally develop maintenance plan which improves efficiency while complying with sustainability standards
L8	F16–F5	Maintenance plans in line with technological advancements to be deployed which could support sustainable development of tablet devices
L9	F5–F10	Refurbishment and reuse potential is dependent on the capability of the developers to technologically ensure sustainable development of tablet devices
L10	F5–F7	The lead time for development of tablet devices is minimised using advanced time compression methods. Rapid prototyping is enabled using additive manufacturing methods
L11	F5–F15	Technology driven reliability and safety methods ensure sustainable development of tablet devices
L12	F10–F8	Refurbishment and reuse potential of tablet devices extends the life of product to ensure its sustainability
L13	F10–F13	Refurbishment and reuse potential to develop tablet devices predominantly ensure minimum recycling cost of tablet devices.
L14	F7–F14	Time compression methods enable efficient production and supports processing of recovered products
L15	F8–F14	Product life extension strategies during development of tablet devices enable choice of appropriate take back options
L16	F15–F14	Reliability and safety measures extend the life of tablet devices which in turn support take back policy of tablet devices by manufacturers
L17	F13–F11	The decision to develop strategies for disassemblability depends upon the cost feasibility
L18	F14–F11	Product take back options should be safe to product otherwise might cause damage during disassembly
L19	F11–F17	The need for disassemblability drives the necessity for usage of recycled materials
L20	F12–F17	The need for minimal environmental impact at EoL drives the need for the extent of recycled material usage
L21	F17–F12	More the usage of recycled materials, lesser is the harmful environmental fractions at EoL
L22	F17–F18	More the usage of recycled materials, the cost of recovery is reduced
L23	F12–F18	Reduced environmental fractions at end of life drives the need for recycling and hence the cost of recovery
L24	F12–F20	Strategies to enable harmless fractions at EoL enable reduction in emissions due to the development of tablet devices
L25	F18–F19	Lesser cost of recovery provides significant opportunities to upgrade tablet devices
L26	F20–F19	Control of emissions and other impacts provide opportunities to upgrade
L27	F19–F1	Lesser the opportunities to upgrade tablet devices, higher will be the environmental impact
L28	F1–F9	Energy consumed to tackle environmental impact must be governed significantly
L29	F9–F1	Energy extraction significantly affects environment. In order to reduce environmental impact, strategies should be devised to reduce energy consumption

Figure 3. MICMAC analysis for factors influencing sustainable development tablet devices.

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