Power management for hybrid distributed generation systems

Figures & data

Figure 1. Daily load duration curve.

Table 1. Sizing of system components.

Component	WT	PV	Fuel Cell	Electrolyser	Batteries	Average Load
Size (kW)	15	45	15	20	1.44	10

Table 2. Specifications of system components.

	Item	Specifications
PV	Nominal peak power	245 W (±3%)
	Rated voltage	30 V
	Rated current	8.18A
	Open-circuit voltage	37.5 V
	Short-circuit current	8.59
	Temp coefficient	−0.458%/C
Fuel Cell	Rated gross power [kW]	15
	Voltage output [V]	75–150
	Current output [A]	0–150
	Expected lifetime [hrs]	10000
Wind Turbine	Rated power	15 kW
	Rotor diameter	8.0 m
	Lade number	3
	Cut in speed	3 m/s
	Rated speed	12 m/s
	Voltage output	380 AC at 50 Hz

Figure 2. Equivalent Circuit of a Single Solar Cell.

Figure 3. Simulink model of PV subsystem (a) and simulation results (b) AC current, AC voltage and (d) Total power.

Figure 4. Wind energy subsystem.

Figure 5. (a) Equivalent circuit of a DFIG and (b) Equivalent circuit of a DFIG viewed from the rotor side.

Figure 6. Simulink model of Wind energy subsystem (a), Simulation results (b) Phase current (c) Phase voltage.

Figure 7. Simulink model of FC and electrolyser energy subsystem.

Figure 8. Simulation results of FC subsystem: (a) Output current (b) Output voltage.

Figure 9. Simulink model of Battery-bank subsystem (a), and simulation results for output current (b) and output voltage (c).

Figure 10. Block diagram of the overall power management system.

Figure 11. Power generated from each energy source of the DG system (i) and the daily load power and hybrid power generation (ii).

Figure 12. Waveform of the total load current: (a) during the period T₁, (b) during the period T_2.