Review and proposed eco-process innovation performance framework

Figures & data

Figure 1. Systematic review: design of the research protocol.

Table 1. Search results.

Database	Hits	Extracted articles
Web of Science	31	12
Scopus	28	11
Google Scholar	459	22
TOTAL	518	45

Figure 2. Distribution of extracted articles by year of publication.

Figure 3. Distribution of extracted articles by country.

Figure 4. Distribution of extracted articles by sector.

Table 2. Studies on eco-process innovation measure at firm level.

		Measure Approach		Measure Aspect
No	Author	Perceptual	Operational	Economic	Environmental	Social	Analysis Method	[Country] Sector
1.	Chen, Lai, and Wen (2006)	√			√		Statistical	[Taiwan] Information & electronics
2.	Hauschild, Dreyer, and Jørgensen (2008)		√			√	Social LCA	[Denmark] Manufacturing
3.	Chen (2008)	√			√		Statistical	[Taiwan] Information & electronics
4.	Solding, Petku, and Mardan (2009)		√		√		DES	[Sweden] Manufacturing
5.	Ren (2009)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Netherlands] Petrochemicals production
6.	Kara, Bogdanski, and Li (2011)		√	√	√		Statistical	[Australia] Manufacturing
7.	Chiou et al. (2011)	√			√		Statistical	[Taiwan] Manufacturing & service
8.	Chang (2011)	√			√		Statistical	[Taiwan] Manufacturing
9.	Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Russia] Manufacturing
10.	Gadenne et al. (2012)	√		√	√	√	Statistical	[Australia] Manufacturing
11. 12. 13. 14.	Cheng and Shiu (2012) Horbach, Rammer, and Rennings (2012) Antonioli, Mancinelli, and Mazzanti (2013) Van Den Berg, Labuschagne, and Van Den Berg (2013)	√ √ √ √		√	√ √ √ √		Statistical Statistical Statistical Statistical	[Taiwan] Information Technology (IT), electronics, telecommunication & others [German] Manufacturing & service [Italy] Manufacturing [Africa] Manufacturing & service
15.	Chen and Chang (2013)	√			√		Statistical	[Taiwan] Information & electronics
16.	Tseng et al. (2013)	√			√		Fuzzy set theory, Analytical Network Process (ANP) & entropy weight	[Taiwan] Electrical & Electronic (E&E)
17.	Bi, Bao, and Feng (2013)	√			√		Statistical	[China] Manufacturing
18.	Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013)		√	√	√		LCA	[Spain] Metal working
19.	Diaz-Elsayed et al. (2013)		√	√	√		DES	[USA] Automotive
20.	Sezen and Çankaya (2013)	√		√	√	√	Statistical	[Turkey] Automotive, chemistry & electronic
21.	Wong (2013)	√			√		Statistical	[China] E&E
22.	Muscio, Nardone, and Stasi (2013)	√			√		Statistical	[Ireland] Manufacturing & service
23.	Dornfeld (2014)		√		√		Statistical	[USA] Manufacturing
24.	Doran and Ryan (2014)	√			√		Statistical	[Ireland] Manufacturing & service
25.	Rexhäuser and Rammer (2014)	√			√		Statistical	[German] Manufacturing & service
26.	Lin et al. (2014)	√			√		Statistical	[China] Manufacturing
27.	Cheng, Yang, and Sheu (2014)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Taiwan] IT, electronics, telecommunication & others
28.	Dong et al. (2014)	√		√	√		Statistical	[China] Manufacturing
29.	Chassagnon and Haned (2015)	√			√		Statistical	[France] Manufacturing
30.	Huang & Li (2015)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Taiwan] Information & Communication Technology (ICT)
31.	Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Malaysia] Manufacturing
32.	Iranmanesh et al. (2015)	√			√	√	Statistical	[Malaysia] E&E
33.	Abdullah et al. (2015)	√		√			Statistical	[Malaysia] Food & beverage, rubber & plastics, chemical, E&E & metal working
34.	Segarra-Oña, Peiró-Signes, and Mondéjar-Jiménez (2016)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Spain] Manufacturing & service
35.	de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Brazil] Textile
36.	Kawai, Strange, and Zucchella (2016)	√			√		Statistical	[Europe] Manufacturing
37.	Peng and Liu (2016)	√			√		Statistical	[China] Manufacturing
38. 39. 40.	Kong, Feng, and Ye (2016) Arenhardt, Battistella, and Grohmann (2016) Abduaziz et al. (2016)	√ √	√	√	√ √ √		Statistical Statistical DES	[China] Manufacturing [Brazil] E&E [Malaysia] Automotive
41.	Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016)	√		√	√		Statistical	[Slovenia] Manufacturing & service
42.	Xie et al. (2016)	√		√	√		Statistical	[China] Manufacturing
43.	Hojnik, Ruzzier, and Antončič (2017)	√			√		Statistical	[Slovenia] Manufacturing & service
44.	Keshminder and Chandran (2017)	√			√		Statistical	[Malaysia] Chemical
45.	Fernando and Wen (2017)	√			√		Statistical	[Malaysia] Green technology

Table 3. Indicators used to measure eco-process innovation at micro-level in reviewed studies.

Aspect	Indicator	Author	Number of occurrence
Economic	Sales	Gadenne et al. (2012); Cheng and Shiu (2012); Diaz-Elsaye et al. (2013); Sezen and Çankaya (2013); Cheng (2014); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016)	7
	Profit	Cheng and Shiu (2012); Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012); Cheng, Yang, and Sheu (2014); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016)	4
	Profit growth	Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015)	2
	Cash flow	Huang and Yong-Hui (2015)	1
	Market share	Cheng and Shiu (2012); Cheng, Yang, and Sheu (2014); Dong et al. (); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016)	6
	Production efficiency	Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Diaz-Elsayed et al. (2013); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015)	4
	Production flexibility & capacity	Segarra-Oña, Peiró-Signes, and Mondéjar-Jiménez (2016)	1
	R&D investment	Dong et al. (2014)	1
	Return on Investment (ROI)	Cheng and Shiu (2012); Gadenne et al. (2012); Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012); Sezen and Çankaya (2013); Cheng, Yang, and Sheu (2014); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016)	6
	Return on asset (ROA)	Xie et al. (2016)	1
	Material cost	Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Sezen and Çankaya (2013); Diaz-Elsayed et al. (2013); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015)	4
	Energy cost	Ren (2009); Kara, Bogdanski, and Li (2011); Sezen and Çankaya (2013); Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Diaz-Elsayed et al. (2013); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); Abduaziz et al. (2016)	7
	Water cost	Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015)	1
	Waste treatment cost	Sezen and Çankaya (2013)	1
	Labour cost	Segarra-Oña, Peiró-Signes, and Mondéjar-Jiménez (2016)	1
	Pollution control expenditure	Dong et al. (2014)	1
Environmental	Material consumption	Chen, Lai, and Wen (2006); Chen (2008); Chang (2011); Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012); Horbach, Rammer, and Rennings (2012); Bi, Bao, and Feng (2013); Wong (2013); Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Chen and Chang (2013); Muscio, Nardone, and Stasi (2013); Antonioli, Mancinelli, and Mazzanti (2013); Dornfeld (2014); Dong et al. (2014); Rexhäuser and Rammer (2014); Doran and Ryan (2014); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); Abdullah et al. (2015); Iranmanesh et al. (2015); Chassagnon and Haned (2015); Segarra-Oña, Peiró-Signes, and Mondéjar-Jiménez (2016); Kawai, Strange, and Zucchella (2016); Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016); Arenhardt, Battistella, and Grohmann (2016); Kong, Feng, and Ye (2016); Hojnik, Ruzzier, and Antončič (2017)	25
	Energy consumption	Chen, Lai, and Wen (2006); Chen (2008); Solding, Petku, and Mardan (2009); Ren (2009); Kara, Bogdanski, and Li (2011); Chiou et al. (2011); Chang (2011); Cheng and Shiu (2012); Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012); Horbach, Rammer, and Rennings (2012); Bi, Bao, and Feng (2013); Wong (2013); Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Diaz-Elsayed et al. (2013); Van Den Berg, Labuschagne, and Van Den Berg (2013); Chen and Chang (2013); Tseng et al. (2013); Muscio, Nardone, and Stasi (2013); Antonioli, Mancinelli, and Mazzanti (2013); Dornfeld (2014); Cheng, Yang, and Sheu (2014); Dong et al. (); Rexhäuser and Rammer (2014); Doran and Ryan (2014); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); Abdullah et al. (2015); Iranmanesh et al. (2015); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015); Chassagnon and Haned (2015); Segarra-Oña, Peiró-Signes, and Mondéjar-Jiménez (2016); Kawai, Strange, and Zucchella (2016); Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016); Abduaziz et al. (2016); Arenhardt, Battistella, and Grohmann (2016); Kong, Feng, and Ye (2016); Peng and Liu (2016); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016); Hojnik, Ruzzier, and Antončič (2017)	38
	Water consumption	Chen, Lai, and Wen (2006); Chen (2008); Chiou et al. (2011); Chang (2011); Gadenne et al. (2012); Horbach, Rammer, and Rennings (2012); Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012); Wong (2013); Muscio, Nardone, and Stasi (2013); Van Den Berg, Labuschagne, and Van Den Berg (2013); Chen and Chang (2013); Tseng et al. (2013); Dornfeld (2014); Dong et al. (2014); Rexhäuser and Rammer (2014); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015), Iranmanesh et al. (2015); Abdullah et al. (2015); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015); Kawai, Strange, and Zucchella (2016); Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016); Arenhardt, Battistella, and Grohmann (2016); Hojnik, Ruzzier, and Antončič (2017)	23
	Waste, emission & pollution	Chen, Lai, and Wen (2006); Chen (2008); Chiou et al. (2011); Chang (2011); Cheng and Shiu (2012); Gadenne et al. (2012); Grobecker, Wolf, and Germain (2012); Horbach, Rammer, and Rennings (2012); Sezen and Çankaya (2013); Van Den Berg, Labuschagne, and Van Den Berg (2013); Chen and Chang (2013); Tseng et al. (2013); Muscio, Nardone, and Stasi (2013); Bi, Bao, and Feng (2013); Wong (2013); Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Diaz-Elsayed et al. (2013); Antonioli, Mancinelli, and Mazzanti (2013); Dornfeld (2014); Dong et al. (2014); Rexhäuser and Rammer (2014); Doran and Ryan (2014); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); Abdullah et al. (2015); Iranmanesh et al. (2015); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015); Chassagnon and Haned (2015); Kong, Feng, and Ye (2016); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016); Peng and Liu (2016); Xie et al. (2016); Kawai, Strange, and Zucchella (2016); Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016); Keshminder and Chandran (2017); Hojnik, Ruzzier, and Antončič (2017); Fernando and Wen (2017)	36
	Material recycling and reuse	Chen, Lai, and Wen (2006); Chen (2008); Chiou et al. (2011); Cheng and Shiu (2012); Bi, Bao, and Feng (2013); Wong (2013); Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Chen and Chang (2013); Tseng et al. (2013); Rexhäuser and Rammer (2014); Doran and Ryan (2014); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); Abdullah et al. (2015); Iranmanesh et al. (2015); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015); Chassagnon and Haned (2015); Arenhardt, Battistella, and Grohmann (2016); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016); Kawai, Strange, and Zucchella (2016); Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016); Hojnik, Ruzzier, and Antončič (2017); Keshminder and Chandran (2017); Fernando and Wen (2017)	23
	Hazardous materials reduction	Sezen and Çankaya (2013); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015); Hojnik and Ruzzier (2016)	4
	Hazardous materials replacement	Horbach, Rammer, and Rennings (2012); Dong et al. (); Rexhäuser and Rammer (2014); Doran and Ryan (2014); Chassagnon and Haned (2015); Hojnik, Ruzzier, and Antončič (2017)	6
	Non-renewable energy replacement	Dong et al. (); Masoumik, Abdul-Rashid, and Olugu (2015)	2
	End-of-life management	Cheng, Yang, and Sheu (2014)	1
	ISO 14000 series certification	Lin et al. (2014)	1
	Environmental law compliant	Cheng and Shiu (2012); Van Den Berg, Labuschagne, and Van Den Berg (2013); Wong (2013); Aguado, Alvarez, and Domingo (2013); Cheng, Yang, and Sheu (2014); Peng and Liu (2016); de Oliveira Brasil et al. (2016); Fernando and Wen (2017)	8
	Environmental accidents	Sezen and Çankaya (2013); Huang and Yong-Hui (2015)	2
Social	Health & safety	Hauschild, Dreyer, and Jørgensen (2008); Gadenne et al. (2012); Sezen and Çankaya (2013)	3
	Training and education	Hauschild, Dreyer, and Jørgensen (2008); Sezen and Çankaya (2013)	2
	Human right	Sezen and Çankaya (2013)	1
	Workers’ absenteeism	Gadenne et al. (2012)	1

Figure 5. Conceptual framework for measuring eco-process innovation performance.

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