Green Lean Six Sigma implementation framework: a case of reducing graphite and dust pollution

Figures & data

Table 1. Previous studies on Green Lean Six Sigma implementation.

Sr No.	Author	Description
1	(Banawi and Bilec 2014)	Developed a framework in construction industry to integrate Lean, Green and Six Sigma for process improvement and minimisation of life cycle environmental impacts. The disadvantage of this framework was implementation time and considerable experience to ensure actionable results.
2	(Kumar, Kumar, and Haleem 2015)	A conceptual framework has been presented on mergers of Green Lean and Six Sigma, and they have proposed critical success factors for this framework. The framework was not tested.
3	(Sagnak and Kazancoglu 2016)	They suggested the integration of Six Sigma in order to overcome the limitations of Green Lean approach. In this framework, measurement system analysis and gage control are used as methodology to measure the variations of the process. They suggest a need for future frameworks to incorporate Six Sigma methodologies, such as Design of Experiments (DOE), DMAIC, process control charts or process capability index.
4	(Cherrafi et al. 2017)	They present a framework which methodically guides companies through 5-stage and 16-step process to effectively integrate and implement the Green, Lean and Six Sigma to improve their sustainability performance. The limitation of this framework is that sensitive processes may be difficult to improve using this methodology
5	(Sreedharan and Raju 2018)	They explored the structural attributes and obstacles in the public services and developed a Green Lean Six Sigma (GLSS) model for the public sector.
6	(Kaswan and Rathi 2019)	They study the enablers of GLSS implementation using Interpretive Structural Modelling. The proposed model was developed based on expert’s opinion and needs to be tested pragmatically to strengthen the findings of the present work.
7	(Hussain et al. 2019)	The barriers to Green, Lean and Six Sigma, driving and dependence power and their interrelationships were studied with respect to Pakistan construction industry.

Table 2. Green initiative measures of environmental performance (Kazancoglu, Kazancoglu, and Sagnak 2018).

Green initiative measure	Description
Decreasing emissions	Due to reduction in greenhouse gases and air emissions
Decreasing energy consumptions	Reduction in terms of energy utilisation ratio, usage of green fuels and less consumption and usage of alternative energy fuels
Decreasing business waste	In terms of reduction in solid, liquid or water waste, the total flow quantity of scrap, waste generated, the percentage of materials recycled or reused, the total amount of hazardous and toxic materials, usage of hazardous materials and compliance of effluents with local and national authorities
Decreasing environmental cost	In terms of the cost of scrap, cost of rework, the additional cost of environmentally friendly products, disposal costs, recycling costs, cost of waste treatment, waste discharge fee, environmental accidents fine, cost of energy consumption and frequency of environment accidents
Increasing environmental revenues	Increase in revenues from green products, the sale of recycled materials and scrap, the sale of scrap and used materials, the sale of excessive inventories and materials and the sale of excess capital instruments

Figure 1. Green Lean Six Sigma implementation framework.

Figure 2. Performance improvement in graphite and dust levels.

Banawi, A., and M. M. Bilec. 2014. “A Framework to Improve Construction Processes: Integrating Lean, Green and Six Sigma.” International Journal of Construction Management 14 (1): 45–55. doi:10.1080/15623599.2013.875266.

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Kumar, S., N. Kumar, and A. Haleem. 2015. “Conceptualisation of Sustainable Green Lean Six Sigma: An Empirical Analysis.” International Journal of Business Excellence 8 (2): 210–250. doi:10.1504/IJBEX.2015.068211.

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Sagnak, M., and Y. Kazancoglu. 2016. “Integration of Green Lean Approach with Six Sigma: An Application for Flue Gas Emissions.” Journal of Cleaner Production 127: 112–118. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.016.

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Cherrafi, A., S. Elfezazi, K. Govindan, J. A. Garza-Reyes, K. Benhida, and A. Mokhlis. 2017. “A Framework for the Integration of Green and Lean Six Sigma for Superior Sustainability Performance.” International Journal of Production Research 55 (15): 4481–4515. doi:10.1080/00207543.2016.1266406.

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Sreedharan, V., . R., and R. Raju. 2018. “Development of a Green Lean Six Sigma Model for Public Sectors.” International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 9 (2): 238–255. doi:10.1108/IJLSS-02-2017-0020.

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Kaswan, M. S., and R. Rathi. 2019. “Analysis and Modeling the Enablers of Green Lean Six Sigma Implementation Using Interpretive Structural Modeling.” Journal of Cleaner Production 231: 1182–1191. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.253.

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Hussain, K., Z. He, N. Ahmad, and M. Iqbal. 2019. “Green, Lean, Six Sigma Barriers at a Glance: A Case from the Construction Sector of Pakistan.” Building and Environment 161: 106225. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106225.

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Kazancoglu, Y., I. Kazancoglu, and M. Sagnak. 2018. “A New Holistic Conceptual Framework for Green Supply Chain Management Performance Assessment Based on Circular Economy.” Journal of Cleaner Production 195: 1282–1299. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.015.

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