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Research Article

Spatial analysis to quantify and localise the residual cardoon stem fibres as potential bio-reinforcements for building materials

, ORCID Icon, & ORCID Icon
Pages 59-70 | Received 09 Nov 2021, Accepted 09 Feb 2022, Published online: 21 Feb 2022

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition of cardoon fibres

Table 2. Mechanical properties of most common vegetable fibres (Thyavihalli Girijappa et al. Citation2019)

Figure 1. Study area geographic position.

Figure 1. Study area geographic position.

Table 3. Italian cultivated area for horticultural crops and Cardunculus cultivation (ha)

Table 4. Italian production of horticultural crops and Cardunculus cultivation (t)

Figure 2. Distribution of cardunculus cultivated surface area within the Sicily region.

Figure 2. Distribution of cardunculus cultivated surface area within the Sicily region.

Figure 3. Cardunculus production distribution within Sicily region.

Figure 3. Cardunculus production distribution within Sicily region.

Figure 4. Available cardoon stems distribution within Sicily region.

Figure 4. Available cardoon stems distribution within Sicily region.

Figure 5. Cardoon stems distribution. (a) Polygon centroid for developing heatmaps. (b) Heatmap distribution based on the computed cardoon stem production.

Figure 5. Cardoon stems distribution. (a) Polygon centroid for developing heatmaps. (b) Heatmap distribution based on the computed cardoon stem production.

Figure 6. Distribution within Sicily region of the recyclable sheep wool protein-based fibres as potentially reinforcements for bio-composite material.

Figure 6. Distribution within Sicily region of the recyclable sheep wool protein-based fibres as potentially reinforcements for bio-composite material.

Figure 7. Distribution within Sicily region of both recyclable sheep wool and cardoon stem cellulose-based fibres as potentially reinforcements for bio-composite material.

Figure 7. Distribution within Sicily region of both recyclable sheep wool and cardoon stem cellulose-based fibres as potentially reinforcements for bio-composite material.