Development of non-woven from recycled fabric selvedge wastes for functional sound absorption

Figures & data

Figure 1. Selvedge wastes.

Table 1. Selvedge opening machine specification.

1	Diameter	600 mm/550 mm
2	Motor power	22 kW/18 kW
3	Wire type	Garnette wire/Pinned type/Special shaped teeth
4	Working width	1000 mm

Figure 2. Basic construction of a card and its parts.

Table 2. Carding machine specification.

1	Licker-in	Diameter, mm	250
		Revolution per minute, rpm	1000
2	Cylinder	Diameter, mm	1290
		Revolution per minute, rpm	600
3	Doffer	Diameter, mm	700
		Revolution per minute, rpm	60
4	Flat	Speed, cm/min	16
		No. of flats	75

Table 3. Stitching machine specifications.

1	Max stitch length	3–6 mm
2	Max sewing speed	5000–6000 (stitch/min)
3	Automatic grade	Automatic
4	Power source	Electric

Table 4. Physical property tests.

No.	Type of test	Code	Test equipment	Test standard
1	Fabric thickness	TK	Fabric thickness tester	ISO 5084
2	Fabric areal density	AD	Fabric GSM tester	ASTM D6242
3	Fabric air permeability	AP	Fx3300 air permeability tester	ASTM D 737

Figure 3. Impedance tube set-up.

Figure 4. Selvage to stitch-bonded non-woven production.

Table 5. Sound absorption coefficients of stitch-bonded non-wovens.

No.	Samples	Sound absorption coefficients of stitch-bonded non-wovens
		0 Hz	500 Hz	1000 Hz	1500 Hz	2000 Hz	2500 Hz	3000 Hz
1	Sample#1	0	0.23	0.32	0.36	0.39	0.40	0.42
2	Sample#2	0	0.32	0.39	0.46	0.48	0.51	0.53
3	Sample#3	0	0.41	0.47	0.55	0.59	0.62	0.64
4	Sample#4	0	0.52	0.58	0.64	0.67	0.73	0.76
5	Sample#5	0	0.56	0.65	0.73	0.75	0.81	0.83
6	Sample#6	0	0.59	0.69	0.78	0.80	0.85	0.87
7	Sample#7	0	0.60	0.73	0.81	0.83	0.88	0.89
8	Sample#8	0	0.62	0.76	0.83	0.86	0.91	0.93

Figure 5. Sound absorption performance of non-woven samples.

Table 6. Physical properties of non-wovens samples.

No	Samples	Thickness, mm	Arial density, g/m^2	Air permeability l/m^2/s	Sound absorption coefficient of stitch-bonded non-wovens
					500 Hz	1000 Hz	1500 Hz	2000 Hz	2500 Hz	3000 Hz
1	Sample#1	2.53	310	53.7	0.23	0.32	0.36	0.39	0.40	0.42
2	Sample#2	2.69	355	50.8	0.32	0.39	0.46	0.48	0.51	0.53
3	Sample#3	3.13	405	45.6	0.41	0.47	0.55	0.59	0.62	0.64
4	Sample#4	3.49	496	39.3	0.52	0.58	0.64	0.67	0.73	0.76
5	Sample#5	5.67	680	28.2	0.56	0.65	0.73	0.75	0.81	0.83
6	Sample#6	6.08	711	22.4	0.59	0.69	0.78	0.80	0.85	0.87
7	Sample#7	6.33	750	21.6	0.60	0.73	0.81	0.83	0.88	0.89
8	Sample#8	6.82	797	18.9	0.62	0.76	0.83	0.86	0.91	0.93

Figure 6. Influence of the thickness on sound absorption.

Figure 7. Influence of fabric areal density.

Figure 8. Influence of air permeability on sound absorption.