The servitization of manufacturing flows within the triangle Germany-CEE-China

Figures & data

Figure 1. Decomposition scheme. In parentheses are the number of equations presented in the appendix. Source: Based on Koopman et al. (2012).

Figure 2. Value-added flows (share of destination country’s gross exports). An average for selected period. Source: based on data (OECD, 2023).

Figure 2. (Continued).

Table B1. Imbalances in pairs of economies’ relations between 1995–1999 and 2015–2018.

Type of flows	Economies	1995–1999	2015–2018
ICT services in manufacturing	CEE-Germany	4.39	1.69
	China-Germany	2.30	0.60
	CEE-China	2.32	4.29
Telecommunications in manufacturing	CEE-Germany	2.66	2.16
	China-Germany	4.34	1.26
	CEE-China	1.02	3.39
Computer programming, consultancy and information services activities in manufacturing	CEE-Germany	9.45	2.70
	China-Germany	1.57	1.75
	CEE-China	8.70	2.38
ICT services in transport equipment	CEE-Germany	5.01	2.58
	China-Germany	4.61	2.26
	CEE-China	1.53	1.62
ICT services in computer, electronic and electrical equipment	CEE-Germany	4.10	2.50
	China-Germany	1.85	1.06
	CEE-China	2.81	5.15

Source: Based on data (OECD 2023).

Table B2. Changes in servitization of manufacturing between 1995–1999 and 2015–2018 – summarise (%).

	ICT services in manufacturing	Telecommunications in manufacturing	Computer programming, consultancy and information services activities in manufacturing	ICT services in transport equipment	ICT services in computer, electronic and electrical equipment
Germany to CEE	−3.39	−0.94	5.62	3.18	6.38
CEE to Germany	4.52	1.12	7.45	5.65	4.78
Germany to China	−0.97	0.97	5.31	3.10	3.32
China to Germany	3.06	2.57	2.73	2.86	4.67
China to CEE	1.70	2.97	2.97	2.48	6.30
CEE to China	0.22	0.52	1.78	1.50	1.06
An average	0.86	1.20	4.31	3.13	4.42

Source: Based on data (OECD 2023).

Koopman, R., Z. Wang, and S.-J. Wei. 2012. Tracing Value-Added and Double Counting in Gross Exports, NBER Working Paper 18579. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w18579/w18579.pdf.

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OECD. 2023. “OECD Stats.” https://stats.oecd.org/.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available in OECD Stats at https://stats.oecd.org/ and in OSF at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/DZ27T.