Emotional development in the educational preschool programs of Soviet and Post-Soviet Times

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison of Vygotsky’s and western theories (following Obukhova, 2012).

	In western theories	In Vygotsky’s theory
The subject of investigation	motivation, intellect, behavior	the psychology of consciousness
The course of development	socialization, i.e. the transition from a biological being to a social one	individualization of mental functions, a process of transition from social to individual mental life
The conditions of development	heredity and the environment	the morpho-physiological features of the brain and communication
The source of development	inside the individual, within his nature	outside of the individual, in culture/society
The form of development	development is an adaptation to the environment	development takes place through the acquisition of historically created forms and modes of activity
The causes of mental development	convergence of two factors: heredity and the environment	learning and education, i.e. learning with the help of adults or other children

Obukhova, L. F. (2012). Vygotsky and developmental psychology in his and our timе. Cultural-Historical Psychology, 8(1), 51–58.

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