Barriers and opportunities in achieving climate and sustainable development goals in India: a multilevel analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Climate change policies, decision-making institutions, barriers & opportunities in India.

Level	Action Plans	Decision-making Institutions	Barriers	Opportunities
National	National Adaptation Plan for Climate Change(NAPCC)	PM Council on Climate Change Ministries	Climate information at the national level to prioritize vulnerable sectors and regions (Pandey et al. 2018) Coordination among and within various ministries (Azhoni et al. 2017	National Mission on Knowledge Management on Climate Change
Sub-national (state)	State Action Plan for Climate Change (SAPCC)	State Council for Climate Change Departments	Climate information at the sub-national level: vulnerability assessments (Kantamaneni et al. 2019; Allen et al. 2018) Weak institutions and actors (Singh et al. 2018; Kumar 2018)	Institutions like the State Centre for Climate Change
Local (city and village)	Town and village climate action plans	Urban Local Bodies (cities) Gram Panchayats (villages)	Climate change plans to be integrated into developmental plans – lack of funds (Malhi et al. 2021) Developmental finance to be diverted to combating climate change (Aryal et al. 2020; Krishnan et al. 2020)	Climate proofing can be initiated at the grassroots level for adaptation and mitigation Institutions like city level climate trusts and committees

Source: Authors’ compilation from various sources

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Data Availability Statement

This is a review article and we have no primary data to be supplemented with the publication.