Magnetic three-dimensional graphene solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols from honey samples

Abstract

A novel magnetic three-dimensional graphene nano-composite (3D-G@Fe₃O₄) with a high surface area was synthesised by a vacuum freeze-dried method. Due to its high surface area, specific 3D nanoporous structure and excellent magnetic properties, it can be used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent. Some chlorophenols in a honey samples were enriched by this nanocomposite prior to their determination by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. Factors that affect the extraction efficiency, such as the amount of 3D-G@Fe₃O₄, extraction time, sample pH, ionic strength and desorption conditions, were investigated and optimised. Under the optimum conditions, good linearity existed in the range of 10.0–1000.0 ng g^–1. The enrichment factors of the method for the analytes were in the range from 101 to 248. The limits of detection of the method (S/N = 3) were 1.0–1.5 ng g^–1. The recoveries of the method for the analytes at spiking levels of 100.0 and 400.0 ng g^–1 were in the range of 93.2–98.9%. The results showed that the proposed method is simple, reliable and sensitive. It will be a useful tool for the routine monitoring of chlorophenols in honey products.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Keywords:

• magnetic three-dimensional graphene nanocomposite
• high-performance liquid chromatography
• chlorophenols
• honey

Additional information

Funding

Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 31171698, 31471643], the Natural Science Foundations of Hebei [grant number B2012204028], the Innovation Research Program of Department of Education of Hebei for Hebei Provincial Universities [grant number LJRC009], the Scientific and Technological Research Foundation of Department of Education of Hebei Province [grant number ZD20131033], and the Natural Science Foundation of Agricultural University of Hebei [grant number ZD201405] is gratefully acknowledged.