Local post-harvest practices associated with aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in three agro ecological zones of Tanzania

ABSTRACT

A survey was undertaken of a total of 120 farmers, 40 from each of the three studied agro-ecological zones of Tanzania, to determine local post-harvest management practices associated with aflatoxin (AF) and fumonisin (FB) contamination of maize. Data on practices (collected using a structured questionnaire) and maize samples were obtained from each of the 120 farmers. FB and AF contamination in the samples were analysed by HPLC. A total of 45% and 85% of maize samples were positive for AF and FB respectively, with levels ranging from 0.1 to 269 μg kg⁻¹ for AF and from 49 to 18 273 μg kg⁻¹ for FBs. Significant differences in contamination level were observed among the three agro-ecological zones. Farmers in the three agro-ecological zones practised similar practices in varying degrees. Drying, sorting and protecting maize against insect infestation are practices that showed significant association with AF or FB contamination of maize. Drying maize on mat/raised platform, sorting (damaged, discoloured and moulded grains) and application of synthetic insecticides during storage are practices that were associated with less contamination of maize with AF and FB. The results can be used to advise on effective post-harvest strategies for prevention of AF and FB contamination of maize in rural Tanzania.

KEYWORDS:

• Local post-harvest practices
• aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination
• maize

Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge Ghent University (Belgium), the Management of Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority, and District Councils’ authorities of Hanang’, Kilosa and Rungwe (Tanzania) for the valuable support.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Flemish Interuniversity Council–Institutional University cooperation (VLIR-UOS) [grant number ZEIN2011PR388].