Screening level intake estimates of low and no-calorie sweeteners in Argentina, Chile, and Peru

Figures & data

Figure 1. Process to combine data from the Euromonitor and Mintel databases

Table 1. Exposure scenarios and assumptions

Parameter	Tier 1	Tier 2	Tier 3	Tier 4
Amount of beverage consumed (L/kg bw/day)^1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amount of food consumed (kg/kg bw/day)^1	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05
% LNCS-sweetened beverages^2	Maximum	Maximum	Average	Average
% LNCS-sweetened foods^3	12.5%	12.5%	Average	Average
% of specific sweetener within LNCS-sweetened foods and beverages^4	100%	100%	Weighted Average	Weighted Average
Specific LNCS concentration in foods and beverages^5	Weighted Maximum	Weighted Average	Weighted Maximum	Weighted Average

¹WHO default (WHO 2001). ² As derived from Euromonitor data. ³ WHO default for Tiers 1 & 2 (WHO 2012); as derived from Mintel data for Tiers 3 & 4. ⁴ Worst case (100%) for Tiers 1 & 2, as derived from Mintel and Euromonitor data for Tiers 3 & 4. ⁵ As derived from Mintel and Euromonitor data.

Table 2. Volume of sales and estimated fraction of beverages that contain LNCS

Country and beverage category	Volume of sales (000 tonnes)		% Containing LNCS
	All ^1	LNCS-containing^2
Argentina
Cola carbonates	3190.6	1064.7	33.5%
Low calorie cola carbonates^1	1064.7	1064.7	100%
Non cola carbonates	2296.7	332.1	14.5%
Bottled water	4714.5	253.7	5.4%
Juice	NA	NA	NA
Concentrates (liquid)	256.6	16.2	6.3%
Concentrates (powder)	32.2	3.5	11.0%
Energy drinks	NA	NA	NA
Sports drinks	66.3	9.8	14.8%
Total^3	11064.7	1680.0	15.2%
Chile
Cola carbonates	1718.0	423.5	24.7%
Low calorie cola carbonates	423.5	423.5	100%
Non cola carbonates	809.5	154.5	19.1%
Bottled water	769.3	49.3	6.4%
Juice	417.0	8.5	2.0%
Concentrates (liquid)	32.6	2.1	6.3%
Concentrates (powder)	8.3	0.2	2.9%
Energy drinks	NA	NA	NA
Sports drinks	58.2	8.5	14.7%
Total^3	3933.6	646.6	16.4%
Peru
Cola carbonates	922.7	63	6.8%
Low calorie cola carbonates	62.9	62.9	100%
Non cola carbonates	799.0	52.1	6.5%
Bottled water	837.2	17.4	2.1%
Juice	377.6	34.0	9.0%
Concentrates (liquid)	NA	NA	NA
Concentrates (powder)	2.0	0.1	2.9%
Energy drinks	38.6	0.4	1.1%
Sports drinks	144.2	21.3	14.7%
Total^3	3250.9	188.2	5.8%

¹Extracted from the Euromonitor database. ² Derived by anchoring on the total LNCS concentration in the low calorie cola carbonate category (see Supplemental Materials). ³ The “All” Total does not match the sum for the individual categries as it includes additional beverage categories that were not reported to contain LNCS in the Euromonitor database.

Table 3. Fraction of LNCS-containing beverages and concentration of sweeteners by country

	LNCS
	Acesulfame Potassium	Aspartame	Cyclamate^1	Saccharin	Steviol Glycosides	Sucralose
Argentina
% Total LNCS beverages^2	60%	53%	40%	40%	8%	18%
Concentration (ppm)^3
Mean	119	256	171	26	50	28
Maximum	197	389	261	53	69	56
Chile^4
% Total LNCS beverages^2	67%	57%	6%	6%	11%	28%
Concentration (ppm)^3
Mean	125	319	171	26	38	102
Maximum	166	428	261	53	48	146
Peru
% Total LNCS beverages^2	71%	44%	0.10%	5%	10%	42%
Concentration (ppm)^3,5
Mean	123	259	209	20	60	51
Maximum	184	400	327	42	65	76

¹Cyclamate concentrations expressed as cyclamic acid. ² Based on the sum of the total volume of beverages that use the specific LNCS and total volume containing any sweetener across all beverage categories. ³ Overall concentration (mean and maximum) across all beverages were derived as the weighted average concentration for each beverage category based on concentration data from the Mintel database and total volume from the Euromonitor database (refer to text and the Supplemental Materials for more details). ⁴ No beverages were identified as containing cyclamate or saccharin in the Chile Mintel GNPD, hence it was assumed that the fraction of LNCS-containing beverages in Chile that use these two sweeteners is 6% (or ½ the minimum estimate from the other sweeteners). In addition, cyclamate and saccharin concentrations from Argentina were assumed. ⁵ Concentration data for Peru were limited, hence the average concentrations from Argentina and Chile were assumed.

Table 4. Number of food products in the Mintel database that contain LNCS

Country and Food Category	Total N	With LNCS
		N	%
Argentina
Cookies	772	20	3%
Desserts & Ice Cream	212	100	47%
Gum	28	26	93%
Yoghurts	161	44	27%
Other^1	6,275	NA	NA
All^2	7,420	164	2%
Chile
Cookies	179	43	24%
Desserts & Ice Cream	138	44	32%
Gum	12	11	92%
Yoghurts	189	131	69%
Other^1	2,200	NA^1	NA
All^2	2,706	218	8%
Peru
Cookies	338	16	5%
Desserts & Ice Cream	177	45	25%
Gum	17	12	71%
Yoghurts	87	16	18%
Other^1	3,531	NA	NA
All^2	4,133	77	2%

¹Per Euromonitor data described above, less than 10% of the LNCS tonnage used in packaged foods was used in categroies other than Gum, Cookies, Dessert mixes, and Yoghurts. The LNCS contribution of these “Other” prodcuts was considered negligible. ² Excludes gum.

Table 5. Fraction of LNCS-containing food products and concentration of sweeteners by country

	LNCS
	Acesulfame Potassium	Aspartame	Cyclamate^1	Saccharin	Steviol Glycosides	Sucralose
Argentina
% Total LNCS food products^2	69%	50%	12%	13%	13%	42%
Concentration (ppm)^2
Mean	112	219	131	178	34	149
Maximum	284	547	267	227	100	290
Chile^3,4
% Total LNCS food products^2	7%	0.5%	0.2%	1%	55%	85%
Concentration (ppm)^2
Mean	119	270	131	126	71	146
Maximum	195	270	267	147	186	346
Peru^3,5
% Total LNCS food products^2	61%	39%	19%	19%	44%	43%
Concentration (ppm)^2
Mean	115	244	131	152	53	148
Maximum	240	408	267	187	143	318

¹Cyclamate concentrations expressed as cylcamic acid. ² The fractions of LNCS-containing foods that contain the specific sweeteners and the overall concentration (mean and maximum) across all packaged foods were derived using the data from the Mintel GNPD for individual food categories weighted by the volume of sales from the Euromonitor database (refer to the Methods Section and the Supplemental Materials for more details). ³ No foods products were identified as containing cyclamate in the Chile Mintel GNPD, or cyclamate or saccharin in the Peru Mintel GNPD, hence it was assumed that the fraction of LNCS-containing foods in Chile that use cyclamate is 0.2% (or ½ the minimum estimate from the other sweeteners), and the fraction of LNCS-containing foods in Peru that use these cyclamate or saccharin is 19% (or ½ the minimum estimate from the other sweeteners). ⁴ The overall cyclamate concentration from Argentina were assumed. ⁵ Concentration data for Peru were limited, hence the average concentrations from Argentina and Chile were assumed.

Table 6. Screening level estimated intakes of LNCS in Argentina using the Budget Method approach by assessment tier (mg/kg bw/day)

LNCS (JECFA ADI)	Food Supply	Estimated Intakes in Argentina
		(mg/kg bw/day)
		Tier 1	Tier 2	Tier 3	Tier 4
Acesulfame Potassium (15 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	6.6	4	1.78	1.08
	Foods	1.78	0.7	0.22	0.09
	Total	8.37	4.7	2	1.17
	Total (% ADI)	56%	31%	13%	8%
Aspartame (40 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	13.07	8.6	3.15	2.07
	Foods	3.42	1.37	0.3	0.12
	Total	16.48	9.97	3.45	2.19
	Total (% ADI)	41%	25%	9%	5%
Cyclamate^1 (11 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	8.76	5.74	1.58	1.03
	Foods	1.67	0.82	0.03	0.02
	Total	10.42	6.56	1.61	1.05
	Total (% ADI)	95%	60%	15%	10%
Saccharin (5 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	1.79	0.86	0.32	0.15
	Foods	1.42	1.11	0.03	0.03
	Total	3.21	1.97	0.36	0.18
	Total (% ADI)	64%	39%	7%	4%
Steviol Glycosides (4 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	2.33	1.68	0.08	0.06
	Foods	0.63	0.21	0.01	0.005
	Total	2.96	1.9	0.09	0.06
	Total (% ADI)	74%	47%	2%	2%
Sucralose (15 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	1.87	0.95	0.16	0.08
	Foods	1.81	0.93	0.13	0.07
	Total	3.68	1.88	0.29	0.15
	Total (% ADI)	25%	13%	2%	1%

¹Expressed as cylcamic acid for comparison with the ADI.

Table 7. Screening level estimated intakes of LNCS in Chile using the Budget Method approach by assessment tier (mg/kg bw/day)

LNCS (JECFA ADI)	Food Supply	Estimated Intakes in Chile
		(mg/kg bw/day)
		Tier 1	Tier 2	Tier 3	Tier 4
Acesulfame Potassium (15 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	4.1	3.1	1.84	1.39
	Foods	1.22	0.74	0.06	0.04
	Total	5.32	3.84	1.9	1.42
	Total (% ADI)	35%	26%	13%	9%
Aspartame (40 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	10.59	7.88	3.98	2.96
	Foods	1.69	1.69	0.005	0.005
	Total	12.28	9.57	3.98	2.97
	Total (% ADI)	31%	24%	10%	7%
Cyclamate^1 (11 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	6.46	4.24	0.24	0.16
	Foods	1.67	0.82	0.002	0.001
	Total	8.12	5.05	0.25	0.16
	Total (% ADI)	74%	46%	2%	1%
Saccharin (5 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	1.32	0.63	0.05	0.02
	Foods	0.92	0.79	0.01	0.01
	Total	2.24	1.42	0.06	0.03
	Total (% ADI)	45%	28%	1%	1%
Steviol Glycosides (4 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	1.19	0.94	0.09	0.07
	Foods	1.16	0.45	0.41	0.16
	Total	2.35	1.39	0.5	0.23
	Total (% ADI)	59%	35%	13%	6%
Sucralose (15 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	3.61	2.53	0.67	0.47
	Foods	2.16	0.91	1.18	0.5
	Total	5.77	3.44	1.85	0.97
	Total (% ADI)	38%	23%	12%	6%

¹Expressed as cylcamic acid for comparison with the ADI.

Table 8. Screening level estimated intakes of LNCS in Peru using the Budget Method approach by assessment tier (mg/kg bw/day)

LNCS (JECFA ADI)	Food Supply	Estimated Intakes in Peru
		(mg/kg bw/day)
		Tier 1	Tier 2	Tier 3	Tier 4
Acesulfame Potassium (15 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	2.71	1.82	0.75	0.5
	Foods	1.5	0.72	0.14	0.07
	Total	4.21	2.54	0.89	0.57
	Total (% ADI)	28%	17%	6%	4%
Aspartame (40 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	5.9	3.81	1.02	0.66
	Foods	2.55	1.53	0.15	0.09
	Total	8.45	5.34	1.16	0.74
	Total (% ADI)	21%	13%	3%	2%
Cyclamate^1 (11 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	4.82	3.07	0.002	0.001
	Foods	1.67	0.82	0.05	0.02
	Total	6.49	3.89	0.05	0.03
	Total (% ADI)	59%	35%	0%	0%
Saccharin (5 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	0.63	0.3	0.01	0.01
	Foods	1.17	0.95	0.03	0.03
	Total	1.79	1.25	0.05	0.03
	Total (% ADI)	36%	25%	1%	1%
Steviol Glycosides (4 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	0.95	0.89	0.04	0.03
	Foods	0.89	0.33	0.06	0.02
	Total	1.85	1.22	0.1	0.06
	Total (% ADI)	46%	30%	2%	1%
Sucralose (15 mg/kg bw/day)	Beverages	1.12	0.75	0.19	0.12
	Foods	1.99	0.92	0.13	0.06
	Total	3.11	1.67	0.31	0.18
	Total (% ADI)	21%	11%	2%	1%

¹Expressed as cylcamic acid for comparison with the ADI.

Figure 2. Percent contribution of beverages and foods to total estimated intakes – Tier 1

Figure 3. Percent contribution of beverages and foods to total estimated intakes – Tier 2

Figure 4. Percent contribution of beverages and foods to total estimated intakes – Tier 3

Figure 5. Percent contribution of beverages and foods to total estimated intakes – Tier 4

Figure 6. Estimated intake of sweeteners as percent of the associated JECFA ADI. (a) Acesulfame potassium (ADI: 15 mg/kg bw/day). (b) Aspartame (ADI: 40 mg/kg bw/day). (c) Cyclamate (ADI: 11 mg/kg bw/day). (d) Saccharin (ADI: 5 mg/kg bw/day). (e) Steviol glycosides (ADI: 4 mg/kg bw/day). (f) Sucralose (ADI: 15 mg/kg bw/day)

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