The changing role of employment and alternative income sources among the urban poor: a systematic literature review

Figures & data

Table 1. Search terms used in the systematic review

Main concept	Search terms
Urban setting	(urban OR semiurban OR semi-urban OR metropolis OR metropolitan OR city OR conurbation OR megalopolis)
Poverty or low income	AND (poor OR poverty OR ‘low income’ OR ’low-income’ OR destitution OR indigence OR deprivation OR homelessness)
Employment and income	AND (labor OR labour OR work OR occupation OR informal OR job OR employment OR unemployment OR joblessness OR productivity OR wage OR wages OR salaries)

Due to translation, the search in Spanish was slightly modified as: (urbe OR ciudad OR urbano OR semiurbano OR metropolis OR metropolitano OR metropolitana OR conurbado OR conurbada OR megalopolis OR ’villa miseria’ OR ’ciudad perdida’) AND (pobre OR pobreza OR ’bajo ingreso’ OR miseria OR indigencia OR mendicidad OR ’sin techo’) AND (trabajo OR ocupacion OR empleo OR informal OR informalidad OR desempleo OR desocupacion OR productividad OR laboral OR salario OR remuneracion OR sueldo).

Source: Author’s elaboration.

Figure 1. Flow diagram: steps of the systematic review of the literature on income, employment and urban poverty.

We used the EndNote Web service to create a single database containing the results from all search engines. To perform an initial removal of duplicates, we used its ‘Find Duplicates‘ tool, from which we obtained the reported 2245 articles. Further revision led to the identification of 20 additional duplicates.

Source: Author’s elaboration.

Figure 2. Distribution of the number of articles by area of the journal.

The journal area was defined based on the journal description in Web of Science’s JCR and SCImago, as well as that available on each journal’s web page.

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

Figure 3. Distribution of the number of articles by main discipline of the journal.

The journal’s main discipline was defined based on the journal description in Web of Science’s JCR and SCImago, as well as that available on each journal’s web page.

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

Figure 4. Distribution of the number of articles by year of publication.

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

Figure 5. Geographical distribution of the revised literature, by country.

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

Figure 6. Geographical distribution of the revised literature, by region.

Source: Authors’ elaboration.

Figure 7. Factors affecting income, employment, and urban poverty.

A solid (dotted) line from point A to point B means that an increase in factor A causes an increase (decrease) in element B.

Source: Authors’ elaboration.