Examining healthy food accessibility and disparity in Baton Rouge, Louisiana​​​​

Figures & data

Figure 1. Population density in block groups of East Baton Rouge Parish.

Figure 2. Food store locations.

Figure 3. Transit routes in Baton Rouge.

Figure 4. Percentage of population without private vehicles.

Figure 5. Spatial accessibility for different scenarios: (a) with vehicles and (b) without vehicles.

Figure 6. Healthy food accessibility in Baton Rouge.

Table 1. Descriptive statistics of accessibility and socio-economic factors.

Variable	Abbreviation	Minimum	Maximum	Average	Standard deviation
Dependent variable
Accessibility		5.749	98.588	46.514	13.152
Independent variable
Female–male ratio	Gender	0.504	2.969	1.141	0.362
Non-white (%)	Race	2.020	100	55.280	34.610
Divorce (%)	Divorce	0	48.903	11.904	7.920
Female householder (%)	Householder	0	74.255	19.943	15.019
Poverty rate (%)	Poverty	0	87.294	19.055	16.757
No high school diploma (%)	Education	0	50	13.872	11.987
Unemployment rate (%)	Job	7.246	74.286	33.376	11.192
Renter-occupied housing (%)	Renter	0	100	38.090	27.220

Table 2. OLS regression analysis results (2SFCA model).

Parameter	Parameter estimate	Standard error	t-value	p-value	VIF
Intercept	40.498	2.749	14.729	0	–
Poverty	−0.123	0.066	−1.877	0.062	2.14
Job	0.130	0.073	1.779	0.076	1.18
Renter	0.104	0.038	2.680	0.008	1.99

Adjusted  = 0.017, p-value < 0.1, AICc = 2414.187.

Figure 7. Standard residuals from OLS model.

Table 3. GWR analysis results.

Parameter	Mean	Minimum	Lower quartile	Median	Upper quartile	Maximum
Intercept	46.996	16.669	35.516	49.643	58.684	67.184
Poverty	−0.134	−1.383	−0.200	−0.095	−0.040	0.293
Job	0.066	−0.224	−0.110	0.039	0.210	0.565
Renter	0.047	−0.182	−0.049	0.003	0.094	1.048

Adjusted  = 0.326; AICc = 2331.281. Optimal bandwidth size = 70 (nearest neighbours).

Figure 8. Standard residuals from GWR model.

Figure 9. ​​​​GWR model fit and parameter estimate: (a) Local R-squared of the GWR model; (b) Parameter estimate for poverty rate; (c) Parameter estimate for unemployment rate; (d) Parameter estimate for renter-occupied percentage.