3D spatial morphological analysis of mound tombs based on LiDAR data

Figures & data

Figure 1. Location of the study case

Figure 2. Necropolis D2

Figure 3. 3D coordinates calculation based on laser scanner

Figure 4. Original LiDAR points (a, b, c) and registration (d)

Figure 5. Flowchart of the data pre-processing

Figure 6. Graves numbers

Figure 7. Inscribed circle of centripetalism

Figure 8. Flowchart of determining the common area of all orientation lines

Figure 9. Centres of the inscribed circle and grave M22

Figure 10. Tombs division based on multiple difference calculation

Figure 11. Division of 12 tombs (tombs in one ellipse as one family group)

Table 1. Division process of the 12 tombs (m)

Numbers of adjacent tombs	Minimum distance	1st Division	2nd Division	3rd Division	Division results
1–2	3.600	3.600			1
2–3	0.643	0.643	0.643	0.643	2–3
3–4	1.775	1.775	1.775		4
4–5	7.317
5–6	1.078	1.078	1.078	1.078	5-6-7
6–7	0.087	0.087	0.087	0.087
7–8	1.449	1.449	1.449
8–9	0.175	0.175	0.175	0.175	8–9
9–10	2.530	2.530	2.530
10–11	0.735	0.735	0.735	0.735	10–11-12
11–12	0.215	0.215	0.215	0.215
12–1	3.559	3.559
Mean square error	2.096	1.290	0.827	0.392

Note: The underlined values in Table 1 mark the minimum distances d_j of all the adjacent tombs is larger than or equal to 2 times of the mean square error δ_k in the current division.