Identifying locations for new bike-sharing stations in Glasgow: an analysis of spatial equity and demand factors

Figures & data

Figure 1. Study area (shown in grey) in Glasgow, Scotland.

Figure 2. Data cleaning flowchart.

Table 1. Summary statistics of independent variables

	Mean	Min	Max	St. Dev.
Sociodemographic
Population density (people per square km)	2,080.9	88.5	4,543.8	1,089.4
Job density (jobs per square km)	15,350	1,084	108,839	21,498
Percentage of people aged 16–34 years old	51%	19%	79%	16%
Percentage of households without a car	27.5%	12%	48.5%	8.4%
Percentage of 17–21 years old entering university	9.1%	1%	29%	5.8%
Percentage of people who are income deprived	10.8%	1%	30%	6.8%
Built Environment
Slope in degrees	1.9	0.3	5.2	1.1
Network distance to the nearest transit station (subway or railway) (m)	496.9	38.6	1754.9	356
Ratio of cycling lane distance to streets distance (within 500 m buffer area)	0.1	0.0	0.3	0.1
Euclidean distance in metres to Downtown*	2072.2	81	5746	1265.3
	N (%)
Presence of transit station (within 400 m buffer area) YES = 1 NO = 0	27 (44%) 35 (56%)

Note: *We defined Downtown as a point in the centre of George Square.

Figure 3. Methodology framework.

Figure 4. Trips per month from September 2018 to August 2019.

Figure 5. Number of bike-sharing trips by station.

Figure 6. Quintile deprivation ranking by data zone in the Nextbike service area.

Table 2. The proportion of data zones inside the Nextbike service area by SIMD ranking

Deprivation Quintile Ranking	Proportion of data zones inside service area
1 (most deprived)	14%
2	16%
3	19%
4	23%
5 (least deprived)	28%

Figure 7. Two-step floating catchment area accessibility scores by data zone.

Table 3. Stepwise regression results

Variable	Estimate	Standard error	t-value	p-value	VIF
Distance to nearest transit station (m)	−0.0002	0.0001	−2.577	0.013**	1.08
Distance to Downtown (m)	−0.0001	0.00003	−2.674	0.010***	1.09
Ratio of cycling lanes to streets	1.503	0.4837	3.107	0.003***	1.01
Employment deprivation rate	−0.017	0.0046	−3.629	0.001***	1.03
Adjusted R^2	0.415

** Significant at 0.05 *** Significant at 0.01

Figure 8. Bike-sharing demand scores for the Glasgow City Council area.

Figure 9. Five proposed new station locations.

Figure 10. Ten proposed new station locations.