Mapping disaster vulnerability in India using analytical hierarchy process

Figures & data

Figure1. Location of the study area showing the natural and climate-induced disaster in the country.

Table 1. Vulnerability indicators used in the study.

Category	Indicator	Data source
Exposure	Earthquake	National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
	Cyclones
	Floods
	Droughts	Drought management in India: Department of Agriculture and Co-operation (Drought Management Division), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India (GoI)
	Sea-level rise	Centers for the Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS), Haskell Indian Nations University
Sensitivity	Population density Marginal workers	Census of India, Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI
	Forest cover	Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), GoI
	Protected area	ENVIS Centre for Wildlife and Protected Areas, MoEF, GoI
	Net sown area	Indian Agricultural Statistics, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI
Adaptive capacity	Literacy rate	Census of India, Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, GoI
	Electricity availability
	Road facilities
	Communication facilities
	Medical facilities

Table2. Pairwise comparison matrix using Saaty's scale of measurement (Saaty 2008).

(a) Exposure
Indicators	Cyclones	Floods	Droughts	Earthquake	Sea-level rise
Cyclones	1	3	5	1/3	4
Floods	1/3	1	3	1/4	3
Droughts	1/5	1/3	1	1/6	1/3
Earthquake	3	4	6	1	5
Sea-level rise	4	3	3	1/5	1
(b) Sensitivity
Indicators	Population density	Marginal workers	Forest cover	Protected area	Net sown area
Population density	1	1/3	5	6	3
Marginal workers	3	1	7	9	4
Forest cover	1/5	1/7	1	3	1/4
Protected area	1/6	1/9	1/3	1	1/5
Net sown area	1/3	1/4	4	5	1
(c) Adaptive capacity
Indicators	Medical facilities	Literacy rate	Electricity facilities	Communication facilities	Road facilities
Medical facilities	1	5	3	1/3	1/6
Literacy rate	1/5	1	1/3	1/7	1/9
Electricity facilities	1/3	3	1	1/5	1/8
Communication facilities	3	7	5	1	1/3
Road facilities	6	9	8	3	1

Figure2. The sequential process in this study to map the disaster vulnerability.

Figure3. District-level mapping to disasters in India: (a) exposure, (b) sensitivity, and (c) adaptive capacity.

Table3. District-wise disaster vulnerability in India.

Disaster	High vulnerability	Low vulnerability
Cyclones	Mayurbhanj, Malkangiri, Kandhamal, Koraput, Visakhapatnam, Baleshwar, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jajapur, South Twenty Four Parganas	Alappuzha, Idukki, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Kanchipuram, Palakkad, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Pathanamthitta, Kollam
Floods	Patiala, Kapurthala, Amritsar, Faridkot, Bhatinda, Monga, Gurdaspur, Sangrur, Hoshiarpur, Mansa, East Godavari, West Godavari, Krishna, Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, Kendrapara, Birbhum, Nadia, Murshidabad, Barddhaman, North and South Twenty Four Parganas, Banka, Samstipur, Sitamarhi, Araria, Kishanganj, Farukhabad, Hardoi, Gorakhpur, Chandoli, Bareli, Golaghat, Nalbari	Tinksukia, Morigaon, Shimla, Kangra, Azamgarh, Jaunpur, Mirzapur, Varanasi, Fatehgarh Sahib, Panchkula, Rupnagar
Droughts	Kutch, Bid, Satara, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Dharwad, Chitradurga, Tumkur, Bangalore Rural, Ramanathapuram, Phulbani, Kalahandi, Bolangir, Bankura, Midnapore, Purulia, Allahabad, Nawada, Garhwa, Jhalawar, Rajgarh, Banswara, Dungarpur, Betul, Doda, Udhampur	Nashik, Aurangabad, Ahmadnagar, Bgalakot, Belgaon, Sangli, Cuddapah, Anantapur, Kurnool, Chittoor
Earthquake	Chamba, Doda, Lahul & Spiti, Udhampur, Kangra, Mandi, Shimla, Sirmaur, Solan, Chamoli, Rudraprayag, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Almora, Bageshwar, Pitthoragarh, East Kamend, West Kameng, Dibang Valley, Gaolpara, Cachar, Lohit, East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills, Lower Upper Subansiri, Upper Subansiri, Kutch	Leh (Ladakh), Amritsar, NCT of Delhi, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Nawanshahr, Patan, Banas Kantha, Jalor, Rajkot, Surendernagar, Ratnagiri, Raigarh, Satara
Sea-level rise	Kutch, Anand,South Twenty Four Parganas, Howrah, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Puri, West Godavari, East Godavari, Nagapattinam, Thiruvarur, Thanjavur, Ramanathapuram	Mednipur, Baleshwar, Ganjam, Guntur, Prakassam, Nellore, Thoothukkudi, Alappuzha

Figure4. District-level mapping of disaster vulnerability in India, measured as a composite of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity indices.

Saaty TL. 2008. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. Int J Serv Sci. 1:83–98.

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