Displacement response of a concrete arch dam to seasonal temperature fluctuations and reservoir level rise during the first filling period: evidence from geodetic data

Figures & data

Table 1. Technical characteristics of the Ermenek Arch dam.

Dam details	Value
Height of crest	210 m
Dam crest elevation	700 m
Length of dam crest	123 m
Width of dam crest	7 m–25 m (in abutments)
Total reservoir area	58.74 km^2
Total reservoir volume	4582 hm^3
Electric production capacity	1047.86 Wh per year

Figure 1. Location and picture of Ermenek dam. Source: Satellite images [left] are from Google Earth: http://www.google.com/earth/.

Figure 2. Entire Finite Element Model.

Table 2. Isotropic material properties of the dam and rock.

	Static calculation
Material properties	E (MN/m^2)	v	ρ (t/m^3)
Concrete	23,100	0.18	2.4
Sound rock	10,000	0.30	1 × 10^−5
Weak rock	8000	0.30	1 × 10^−5

Figure 3. Computed deformations for downstream open contact.

Figure 4. Micro-geodetic horizontal deformation monitoring network and dam site.

Figure 5. Schematic view of distribution of the object points on downstream side of the dam body and upstream--downstream sides of the crest of the dam.

Table 3. Technical properties of geodetic instruments.

Type of instruments	Technical properties
Total station/Leica TCA 1800	Accuracy: 1 mm + 2 ppm (Distance)
	1″ (0.3 mgon) (Angle)
Prism/GPH1P	Centering accuracy: 0.3 mm
	Angle beam deviation: 2″

Figure 6. Total station on the reference point and prism on the crest.

Table 4. RMS errors of the period measurements.

Periods	Reference period	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th
Date	03.01.2011	25.03.2011	18.06.2011	23.09.2011	23.12.2011	16.04.2012	07.05.2012	07.06.2012	19.07.2012
RMSE	2^cc.9	2^cc.7	2^cc.9	2^cc.9	2^cc.2	2^cc.3	2^cc.2	2^cc.5	2^cc.1

Figure 7. Reservoir level and concrete temperature.

Figure 8. Transformation of the coordinate system of geodetic data.

Figure 9. Radial and tangential displacements of the object points on the central cross section of the dam.

Figure 10. Radial and tangential displacements of the object points between the centre and left-tail end of the dam.

Figure 11. Radial and tangential displacements of the object points between the centre and right-tail end of the dam.

Figure 12. Radial and tangential displacements of the object points on the right-tail and left-tail ends of the dam.

Figure 13. Radial displacement of the object points on the central cross section of the dam after linear trend removed.

Figure 14. Relative radial displacement of the object points along the central cross section of the dam.

Figure 15. Radial displacement of the object points on upstream and downstream of the crest of the dam (102, 103, 104 corresponds 504, 503, 502, respectively).

Figure 16. Tangential displacement of the object points on upstream and downstream of the crest of the dam (102, 103, 104 corresponds 504, 503, 502, respectively).