Longitudinal analysis of the gut microbiome in adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa: microbiome-related factors associated with clinical outcome

Figures & data

Figure 1. Overview of the longitudinal study.

Figure 2. Clinical information of the patients and age-matched healthy controls.

Table 1. Clinical sample characteristics.

	AN admission	AN discharge	AN 1 year (p < 15)	AN 1 year (p ≥ 15)	HC baseline	HC 1 year
N	57	50	19	25	34	34
Age (years)	16.25 (3.10) [12; 20.35]	16.52 (3.04) [12.23; 19.01]	17.47 (1.96) [14.21; 19.34]	16.48 (2.76) [13.10; 19.84]	16.56 (1.51) [14.11; 18.46]	17.58 (1.50) [15.05; 19.42]
BMI (Kg/m^2)	15.99 (2.28) [12.50; 18.77]	18.88 (1.27) [16.85; 20.96]	18.04 (1.17) [15.85; 19.28]	19.97 (1.27) [17.09; 21.93]	20.94 (2.19) [17.65; 26.07]	21.27 (2.79) [17.82; 25.94]
%EBW	75.58 (11.52) [56.95; 87.74]	89.56 (5.26) [77.59; 97.25]	83.71 (4.82) [73.57; 87.84]	92.84 (5.35) [86.93; 104.04]	96.85 (11.41) [84.48; 122.00]	97.15 (13.34) [84.22; 124.04]
BMI-SDS (z-score)	−2.47 (1.96) [−8.08; −0.93]	−0.92 (0.52) [−2.44; −0.20]	−1.21 (0.37) [−2.95; −1.07]	−0.66 (0.28) [−1.06; 0.25]	−0.24 (0.92) [−1.30; 1.15]	−0.22 (1.00) [−1.37; 1.20]
Premorbid BMI (kg/m^2)	19.47 (3.47) [13.01; 26.60]
Premorbid BMI-SDS (z-score)	−0.40 (1.20) [−4.24; 1.21]
Illness duration (month)	15.25 (14.86) [1.63; 71.97]
EDI 2 total score	297 (79.50) [158; 428]	290 (93.5) [127; 415]	285 (72) [156; 351]	256 (67) [166; 392]	182 (67) [128; 236]	182 (46.75) [133; 253]
BDI-II score	23 (16.5) [0; 47]	19 (20) [0; 54]	18 (18.5) [0; 44]	14 (16) [0; 53]	4 (7) [0; 17]	5 (5.75) [0; 11]
SCAS total score	28 (18.5) [2; 77]	28 (24) [0; 75]	18 (18.5) [1; 51]	21 (26) [2; 67]	16 (10) [4; 34]	13 (9.25) [2; 31]
EDE mean	3.42 (2.40) [0.42; 5.4]	3.30 (2.19) [0.62; 5.32]	4.37 (1.68) [1.45; 5.33]	4.05 (2.89) [0.19; 5.24]

Values are reported as the median and interquartile ranges in brackets, and minimum and maximum values in square brackets. Abbreviations: AN, Anorexia Nervosa; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI-SDS, Body mass index-standard deviation score; EDE, Eating Disorder Examination; EDI, Eating Disorder Inventory; HC, Healthy Controls; SCAS, Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale; %EBW: Percent expected body weight.

Figure 3. The microbiome of patients changes during inpatient treatment and differs from HCs.

Figure 4. Microbiome differences of patients at different timepoints and HC group.

Figure 5. Clinical variables that are associated with microbiome composition.

Figure 6. Taxa predicting BMI-SDS at 1-year follow-up.

Data availability statement

Data available on request due to privacy/ethical restrictions.