Dietary resistant starch supplementation increases gut luminal deoxycholic acid abundance in mice

Figures & data

Figure 1. Measures of metabolic health were unchanged by RS supplementation. a) cumulative food intake (day 1–50 of IC or RS intervention), b) body weight, c) oral glucose tolerance test, d) the total area under the curve from each oral glucose tolerance test, e) total white adipose weight, f) subcutaneous adipose tissue weight, g) mesenteric adipose tissue weight, h) perigonadal adipose tissue weight, and i) retroperitoneal adipose tissue weight. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group.

Figure 2. RS supplementation enhanced gut luminal DCA abundance. a) conjugated bile acids, b) unconjugated bile acids, c) primary bile acids, d) secondary bile acids, e) DCA, f) CA, g), LCA, h) CDCA, i) and total MCA levels expressed as a proportion of total bile acids in cecal contents collected from mice receiving IC or RS diet for 2 months. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group. *p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001 by Student’s t-test. j) circulating total GLP-1 concentrations at baseline and 30 minutes post-gavage during the OGTT. p < .05 by 2-factor ANOVA with Bonferroni posttest. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group.

Figure 3. Changes in gut luminal DCA abundance were not reflected in the serum. a) conjugated bile acids, b) unconjugated bile acids, c) primary bile acids, d) secondary bile acids, e) DCA, f) CA, g) LCA, h) CDCA, and i) total MCA levels expressed as a proportion of total bile acids in fasted serum samples collected from mice receiving IC or RS diet for 2 months. *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 by Student’s t-test. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group.

Figure 4. mRNA expression of hepatic bile acid producing enzymes and ileal bile acid transporters were not changed by RS supplementation. a) Cyp7a1, b) Cyp8b1 and c) Cyp2c70 mRNA expression in liver collected after 2 months of IC or RS feeding. d) Asbt, e) Ostα, and f) Ostβ mRNA expression in ileum collected after 2 months of IC or RS feeding. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group.

Figure 5. RS supplementation alters gut microbiome composition. a) phylum-level relative abundances (RA), b) Bifidobacterium, c) Akkermansia relative abundance, d) eubacteriales, e) Clostridiaceae, f) Clostridium scindens, and g) lachnospiraceae relative abundances after 2 months of IC or RS feeding. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group. *q < .05 **q < .01. h) total bacterial count from cecal contents collected after 2 months of IC or RS feeding. ***p < .001 by Student’s t-test. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 7–8 per group.

Figure 6. Association between bacterial relative abundance and gut luminal bile acids. A) bacterial species correlated with gut luminal bile acid abundances. Red indicates a positive correlation, and blue indicates a negative correlation. *q < .2, **q < .05, ***q < .001. b) phnomibacter ginsenosidimutans, c) prevotella multiformis, d) flavobacterium album, and e) laribacter hongkongensis relative abundances after 2 months of IC or RS feeding. *q < .05 **q < .01. Data presented as mean ± SEM, n = 8 per group.

Data availability statement

All metagenomics data are available at SRA.