Microcephaly type 22 and autism spectrum disorder: A case report and review of literature

Figures & data

Table 1. Patient symptoms, onset time, and changes before and after intervention.

Symptoms	Onset time	Before intervention	After intervention (0–5M)
			Worsened	No change	Improvement	Significant improvement
Sleep disorders	3 M	NR				+
Dietary stereotypes	6 M	GW				+
Strabismus	10 M	GW			+
Cold extremities	1 Y	NR				+
Drooling	1 Y	NR			+
Speech disorders	1.5 Y	NR				+
Memory impairment	1.5 Y	NR				+
Social interaction difficulties	1.5 Y	GW			+
Cognitive challenges	2 Y	GW				+
Poor mathematical ability	2 Y	NR				+
Rigid body	2 Y	NR				+
Chewing disorders	2 Y	NR				+
Repetitive behaviours	2.5 Y	GW			+
Strange taste buds	2.5 Y	NR			+
Self-control disorder	3 Y	NR			+
Stereotypic behaviour	3 Y	GW			+
Hand weakness	3 Y	NR				+
Dysfunction in coordination of limbs	3.5 Y	GW			+
Gastrointestinal dysfunction	4 Y	NR				+
Auditory abnormality	4 Y	NR			+
Emotional control disorder	7 Y	NR				+
Dizziness and vertigo	7 Y	NR				+

Note: M: months; Y: years; NR: no relief; GW: gradually worsening.

Figure 1. Treatment of cryptogenic vascular dissection related to neurodevelopmental disorders presenting with autism spectrum disorder. Hypoperfusion in the left cerebellar hemisphere (A), but with normal intracranial vertebral artery morphology (B). The vertebral artery dilates at the entry site, with a diameter of 5.7mm (C); two sequential DCE-CTs showed progressive morphological changes over different periods at the same location (D–F vs G–I); (J–L) the left cryptogenic vascular dissection was reconstructed using a stent.