A research for an eco-friendly mosquito control by using a new mosquito trap (Mos-hole trap) in a cowshed in Yeoju of Korea

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental design about the mosquito study shows that 12 mosquito traps were installed around the cowshed. Each number in circle shows 12 Mos-hole traps around the cowshed. The distance of each trap was approximately 15 m and the distance from cattle shed wire border was about 5 m. Other environments around new cowshed were old, abandoned cowshed, used tires, small stream and water reservoir.

Figure 2. Experimental design of three different treatment levels (I, II and III) about mosquito study: (I) CO₂ concentration, 35–100 ml/minute in all 12 traps in first nine turns (18 May–18 June) by using liquid naphtha as source of CO₂; (II) CO₂ concentration, 35–100 ml/minute in all odd-numbered traps (six traps) and 500 ml/minute in all even-numbered traps (six traps) of 10th to 13th turns (18 June –4 July, lower and upper graph line) by using liquid naphtha and CO₂ cylinders as sources of CO₂; (III) CO₂ concentration, 500 ml/minute in all traps (12 traps) of 14th turn (July 10, upper graph line, last turn) by using CO₂ cylinder as source of CO₂.

Table 1. Taxa table of mosquito and average number of mosquitoes per day per trap at three phase stages (I, II, III).

Phase		I								II								III
										21 June		26 June		02 July		04 July		10 July
Mosquito taxa	21 May	25 May	28 May	02 June	05 June	08 June	14 June	16 June	18 June	No CO2 tank	Co2 tank	No CO2 tank	CO2 tank	No CO2 tank	Co2 tank	No CO2 tank	Co2 tank	All CO2 tank	Total
Duration of sampling (days)	3	4	3	5	3	3	6	2	2	3	3	5	5	6	6	2	2	6
No. of mosquito traps used (n)	12	11	12	11	12	12	11	12	10	6	6	5	6	6	6	6	6	11
No. of disturbed mosquito traps (n)	–	1	–	1	–	–	1	–	2	–	1	1	–	–	–	–	–	–
Aedes albopictus Skuse	0.31	0.05	0.31	0.62	0.19	0.39	0.21	0.13	0.25	0.11	0.22	0.12	0.2	0.56	0.42	1.33	1.33	0.58
Aedes bekkui Mogi	0.03	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.10	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Aedes hatorii Yamada	–	–	–	–	0.08	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Aedes vexans nipponii Theobald	2.64	3.73	2.36	1.22	1.61	3.69	1.68	7.38	27.5	8.94	51.67	11.28	219.00	14.42	73.64	10.58	171.75	91.38
Other Aedes	–	–	0.11	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Anopheles lesteri Baisas and Hu	0.08	0.02	0.06	–	0.03	0.31	0.24	0.38	–	0.22	1.50	1.20	8.23	1.03	1.81	0.42	1.58	0.65
Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann	0.22	0.34	0.14	0.04	0.67	0.44	0.11	1.21	2.50	0.67	1.17	0.28	3.40	0.64	0.61	1.17	1.58	2.09
Anopheles sineroides Yamada	–	–	–	0.02	–	–	–	0.04	–	–	–	–	0.07	–	0.25	–	–	0.09
Anopheles yatsushiroensis Miyazaki	–	–	–	0.04	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.08
Other Anopheles	–	–	0.06	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.08	–	–	–	–	–	–
Armigeres subalbatus Coquillett	–	0.34	0.33	0.47	1.03	1.06	0.97	1.75	1.30	0.28	0.39	0.04	0.87	0.28	0.25	0.08	1.08	1.77
Culex orientalis Edwards	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.06	0.04	–	–	0.22	0.12	0.27	–	–	0.08	0.33	0.06
Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett	0.03	2.07	1.00	3.22	1.89	7.72	7.26	19.00	20.80	14.28	35.44	21.28	43.97	19.22	12.42	28.17	69.67	28.53
Culex pseudovishnui Colless	0.03	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles	0.64	–	0.83	0.24	1.92	2.31	–	–	0.05	–	–	–	–	–	0.08	–	–	–
Culex vagans Wiedemann	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.03	–	–	–	–	–
Mansonia ochracea Theobald	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.03	–	–	–	–	–
Tripteroides bambusa Yamada	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.04	–	–	–	–	–	–
S	8	6	9	8	8	7	7	8	7	6	7	9	10	6	8	7	7	9	18
E	0.534	0.584	0.723	0.628	0.811	0.728	0.519	0.493	0.507	0.501	0.444	0.404	0.291	0.545	0.294	0.46	0.378	0.346	0.317
H	1.109	1.047	1.588	1.307	1.687	1.416	1.011	1.025	0.986	0.899	0.864	0.888	0.669	0.977	0.612	0.894	0.736	0.761	0.916
D	0.523	0.570	0.722	0.635	0.793	0.684	0.490	0.531	0.566	0.526	0.521	0.510	0.344	0.557	0.303	0.481	0.438	0.415	0.491

Note: Phase I, first nine turns, shows the number of mosquitoes per day/trap when CO₂ was released at the rate of 35–100 ml/minute in all traps by combusting liquid naphtha (LN). Phase II, 10th to 13th turns, shows the number of mosquitoes attracted per day/trap in two kinds of CO₂ concentrations: no CO₂ tank and CO₂ tank; in odd-numbered traps CO₂ was released at the rate of 35–100 ml/minute through combustion of LN and in even numbered traps, CO₂ was released at the rate of 500 ml/minute by using compressed gas cylinders. Phase III, 14th turn, shows the number of mosquitoes attracted per day/trap when CO₂ was released at the rate of 500 ml/minute in all traps by using compressed CO₂ cylinders. This study has been conducted at Yeoju, and the study period was from 18 May to 10 July 2012. We calculated the richness (S), evenness (E), Shannon Wiener's diversity index (H) and Simpson's diversity index (D).

Figure 3. Species' composition (%) of mosquitoes found in sampling in cowshed of Yeoju during the study period (18 May to 10 July 2012).

Figure 4. Trapped mosquito population with different levels of CO₂ released: The graph line is showing the number of mosquitoes attracted per day/trap; phase I – In the first nine turns, release of CO₂ at the rate of 35–100 ml/minute in all traps by combusting liquid naphtha (LN); phase II – The lower graph line in 10th to 13th turns shows the number of mosquitoes attracted per day/trap in odd-numbered traps, when CO₂ was released at the rate of 35–100 ml/minute through combustion of LN; upper graph line from 10–13 turns shows the number of mosquitoes attracted per day/trap in even-numbered traps, when CO₂ was released at the rate of 500 ml/minute by using compressed gas cylinders; phase III – The upper graph line in 14th turn shows the number of mosquitoes attracted per day/trap, when CO₂ was released at the rate of 500 ml/minute in all traps by using compressed CO₂ cylinders. The schemes of phase I, phase II and phase III are shown in Figure 2.