Effects of listening to Holy Qur’an recitation and physical training on dialysis efficacy, functional capacity, and psychosocial outcomes in elderly patients undergoing haemodialysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline and final measurements for the two groups.

Variable	Control group (n = 25)		Intervention group (n = 28)		Global effect
	Baseline	Final	Baseline	Final	Group	Period	Interaction
Anxiety	16.2 ± 1.5	13.2 ± 1.1*	15.8 ± 2.5	9.3 ± 2.1*†	#	#	#
Depression	15.1 ± 2.1	11.3 ± 2.0*	14.9 ± 2.1	9.4 ± 1.9*†	#	#	#
MCS	53.8 ± 10.1	60.7 ± 11.1*	53.2 ± 9.1	76.3 ± 10.2*†	#	#	#
PCS	52.5 ± 9.5	64.9 ± 11.7*	49.7 ± 7.9	70.0 ± 7.1*	#	#	#
Kt/V	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2	1.3 ± 0.1*†	#	#	#
TUG (s)	14.1 ± 2.1	11.8 ± 1.8*	14.4 ± 2.3	9.9 ± 1.7*†	NS	#	#
6MWD (m)	390.6 ± 17.8	470.4 ± 28.0*	398.1 ± 15.1	468.9 ± 19.4*	NS	#	NS

Data are shown as mean ± SD.

MCS, Mental Component Summary of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36); PCS, Physical Component Summary of the SF-36; Kt/V, dialysis adequacy; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; 6MWD, Six-Minute Walk Test distance.

*Significantly different from corresponding baseline value (p < 0.05); †significantly different from control group (p < 0.05); #significant global effect (p < 0.05); NS, not significant (p > 0.05).

Figure 1. Within-group relative changes for anxiety, depression, mental component summary of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (MCS), physical component summary of the SF-36 (PCS), dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) in the intervention group (black symbols) and the control group (empty symbols). Bars indicate uncertainty in the true mean changes with 95% confidence intervals. Trivial areas were calculated based on the smallest worthwhile change test. All parameters were almost certainly improved for both groups, expect for Kt/V in the control group (likely). Note that for clarity, all differences are presented as improvements for each group, so that negative and positive changes are displayed in the same direction.

Figure 2. Relative differences between the intervention and the control group for anxiety, depression, mental component summary of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (MCS), physical component summary of the SF-36 (PCS), dialysis adequacy (Kt/V), Timed Up and Go test (TUG), and the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Bars indicate uncertainty in the true mean changes with 95% confidence intervals. Trivial areas were calculated based on the smallest worthwhile change test.

Table 2. Changes observed for the experimental group compared to the control group.

Variable	Effect size (95% CI)	Rating	% Chances of better/trivial/poorer effect
Anxiety	−1.60 (−2.23 to −0.97)	Large	100/0/0
Depression	−0.78 (−1.42 to −0.15)	Medium	96/3/0
MCS	1.66 (0.99 to 2.33)	Large	100/0/0
PCS	0.88 (0.37 to 1.39)	Large	99/1/0
Kt/V	1.77 (1.14 to 2.39)	Large	100/0/0
TUG (s)	−1.00 (−1.62 to −0.37)	Large	99/1/0
6MWD (m)	−0.52 (−1.37 to 0.32)	Medium	5/18/78

MCS, Mental Component Summary of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36); PCS, Physical Component Summary of the SF-36; Kt/V, dialysis adequacy; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; 6MWD, 6-Minute Walk Test distance; CI, confidence interval.