Effects of dexmedetomidine infusion during spinal anesthesia on hemodynamics and sedation

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and antropometric data of groups, duration of operations (min–max).

	Group I (n = 30)	Group II (n = 30)	p
Year (age)	29.83 ± 9.01	34.23 ± 9.84	0.086
Weight (kg)	74.43 ± 10.75	72.60 ± 12.65	0.529
Durations of operations (min)	49.67 ± 21.08	59.83 ± 25.54	0.076

*p < 0.05; significant difference between the groups.

Figure 1. Comparison of the SAP values.

Figure 2. Comparison of the DAP values.

Figure 3. Comparison of the HR.

Table 2. Ramsay sedation scores of the groups (min–max).

Timing	Group I (n = 30)	Group II (n = 30)	p
Before intratechal injection	1.83 ± 0.37 (1–2)	1.97 ± 0.18 (1–2)	0.088
After intratechal injection	1.90 ± 0.30 (1–2)	1.97 ± 0.18 (1–2)	0.305
Before dex.infusion	2.00 ± 0.26 (1–3)	1.97 ± 0.18 (1–2)	0.570
1st.min dex.infusion	2.27 ± 0.52 (2–4)	2.03 ± 0.18 (2–3)	0.023*
5th.min dex.infusion	2.47 ± 0.62 (2–4)	2.07 ± 0.36 (2–4)	0.001*
10th.min dex.infusion	2.63 ± 0.71 (2–4)	2.07 ± 0.36 (2–4)	0.001*
15th.min dex.infusion	2.77 ± 0.77 (2–4)	2.07 ± 0.36 (2–4)	0.001*
20th.min dex.infusion	3.03 ± 0.77 (2–4)	2.08 ± 0.39 (2–4)	0.001*
30th.min dex.infusion	3.03 ± 0.86 (2–5)	2.12 ± 0.44 (2–4)	0.001*
40th.min dex.infusion	3.11 ± 0.90 (2–5)	2.12 ± 0.44 (2–4)	0.001*
50th.min dex.infusion	2.76 ± 0.83 (2–4)	2.05 ± 0.21 (2–3)	0.001*
60th.min dex.infusion	2.73 ± 0.78 (2–4)	2.00 ± 0.00 (2–2)	0.001*
70th.min dex.infusion	2.67 ± 0.51 (2–3)	2.00 ± 0.00 (2–2)	0.001*
80th.min dex.infusion	3.00 ± 0.70 (2–4)	2.00 ± 0.00 (2–2)	0.001*
90th.min dex.infusion	2.67 ± 0.57 (2–3)	2.00 ± 0.00 (2–2)	0.033*

*p < 0.05; significant difference between the groups.

Table 3. Amnesia scores between the groups (min–max).

Timing	Group I (n = 30)	Group II (n = 30)	p
Before intratechal injection	5.97 ± 0.18 (5–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	0.317
After intratechal injection	5.90 ± 0.54 (3–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	0.317
Before dex.infusion	5.90 ± 0.54 (3–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	0.317
1st.min dex.infusion	5.30 ± 1.14 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
5th.min dex.infusion	4.67 ± 1.29 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
10th.min dex.infusion	4.30 ± 1.23 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
15th.min dex.infusion	3.70 ± 1.23 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
20th.min dex.infusion	3.47 ± 1.04 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
30th.min dex.infusion	3.34 ± 1.11 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
40th.min dex.infusion	3.22 ± 1.16 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
50th.min dex.infusion	3.06 ± 1.19 (2–6)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
60th.min dex.infusion	2.91 ± 1.04 (2–5)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
70th.min dex.infusion	2.83 ± 0.98 (2–4)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
80th.min dex.infusion	3.00 ± 1.00 (2–4)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	<0.001*
90th.min dex.infusion	3.00 ± 1.00 (2–4)	6.00 ± 0.00 (6–6)	0.006*

*p < 0.05; significant difference between the groups.

Table 4. BIS analysis between the groups (min–max).

Timing	Group I (n = 30)	Group II (n = 30)	p
Before intratechal injection	92.13 ± 4.98 (82–99)	93.20 ± 3.69 (88–99)	0.433
After intratechal injection	91.80 ± 4.55 (82–98)	92.67 ± 3.73 (84–98)	0.591
Before dex.infusion	91.00 ± 5.25 (80–99)	93.70 ± 3.94 (86–98)	0.053
1st.min dex.infusion	85.40 ± 7.85 (66–98)	92.43 ± 3.58 (84–98)	0.001*
5th.min dex.infusion	79.37 ± 8.07 (65–96)	91.20 ± 3.76 (79–98)	0.001*
10th.min dex.infusion	74.90 ± 8.19 (63–92)	90.97 ± 4.79 (80–99)	0.001*
15th.min dex.infusion	71.77 ± 6.86 (60–85)	89.93 ± 6.83 (70–98)	0.001*
20th.min dex.infusion	70.57 ± 6.55 (60–84)	88.96 ± 8.07 (62–97)	0.001*
30th.min dex.infusion	69.55 ± 6.57 (60–82)	89.04 ± 7.47 (62–98)	0.001*
40th.min dex.infusion	70.17 ± 5.80 (60–80)	89.80 ± 7.84 (63–97)	0.001*
50th.min dex.infusion	68.12 ± 5.86 (60–79)	90.05 ± 6.81 (66–98)	0.001*
60th.min dex.infusion	69.45 ± 6.91 (62–80)	90.20 ± 6.45 (66–99)	0.001*
70th.min dex.infusion	67.50 ± 7.34 (62–81)	89.71 ± 7.78 (66–96)	0.001*
80th.min dex.infusion	71.20 ± 6.38 (64–79)	89.91 ± 8.21 (67–97)	0.005*
90th.min dex.infusion	73.67 ± 10.07 (66–85)	88.50 ± 11.45 (67–97)	0.070

* p < 0.05; significant difference between the groups.

Table 5. Onset of sensory blockage, duration of sensory blockage, and mean time to achieve max. sensory blockage.

Onset of sensory blockage (min)	Group I (n = 30)	Group II (n = 30)	p
Onset of the sensory blockage	2.90 ± 1.470	5.00 ± 2.665	0.001*
Duration of sensory blockage	131.77 ± 27.092	124.80 ± 26.779	0.478
Time to max. sensory blockage	11.30 ± 7.489	20.20 ± 37.991	0.007*

*p < 0.05; significant difference between the groups.

Table 6. Onset of motor blockage, duration of motor blockage, time to achieve Bromage III.

Timing (min)	Group I (n = 30)	Group II (n = 30)	p
Onset of motor blockage	5.27 ± 3.503	8.83 ± 6.103	0.016*
Duration of motor blockage	106.40 ± 41.024	90.50 ± 35.618	0.084
Time to achieve Bromage III	11.03 ± 17.135	11.83 ± 5.331	0.004*

*p < 0.05; significant difference between the groups.