Is Balint training associated with the reduced burnout among primary health care doctors?

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic features of the participants.

Variable	Balint N (%)	Non-Balint N (%)	Total N (%)
Gender
– Women	59 (84.3)	115 (82.1)	174 (82.9)
– Men	11 (15.7)	25 (17.9)	36 (17.1)
Age
≤50	43 (61.4)	61(43.6)	104 (49.5)
>50	27 (38.6)	79 (56.4)	106 (50.5)
Marital status
– Married	42 (60.0)	82 (58.6)	124 (59.0)
– Single	28 (40.0)	58 (41.4)	86 (41.0)
Parental status
– Yes	44 (62.9)	95 (67.9)	139 (66.2)
– No	26 (37.1)	45 (32.1)	71 (33.8)
Length of medical service
≤20 years	40 (58.0)	59 (42.1)	99 (47.4)
>20 years	29 (42.0)	81 (57.9)	110 (52.6)
Specialization
– No (GP)	21 (30.0)	42 (30.0)	63 (30.0)
– Yes (Specialist)	49 (70.0)	98 (70.0)	147 (70.0)
Subspecialization
– Yes	1 (1.4)	7 (5.0)	8 (6.4)
– No	69 (98.6)	133 (95)	202 (93.6)
Vocational education
– Yes	57 (81.4)	34 (24.3)	91 (43.3)
– No	13 (18.6)	106 (75.7)	119 (56.7)
Master’s degree
– Yes	10 (14.3)	2 (1.4)	12 (5.7)
– No	60 (85.7)	138 (98.6)	198 (94.3)
PhD degree
– Yes	5 (7.1)	1 (0.7)	6 (2.9)
– No	65 (92.9)	139 (99.3)	204 (97.1)

GP: General practitioner.

Table 2. Subdimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory among Balint and Non-Balint participants.

Subdimensions	Balint N (%)	Non-Balint N (%)	Total N (%)	p^a
Emotional exhaustion
Low	56 (80.0)	48 (34.3)	104 (49.5)
Moderate	9 (12.9)	29 (20.7)	38 (18.1)	<0.001
High	5 (7.1)	63 (45.0)	68 (32.4)
Depersonalization
Low	64 (94.1)	87 (62.1)	151 (72.6)
Moderate	1 (1.5)	25 (17.9)	26 (12.5)	<0.001
High	3 (4.4)	28 (20.0)	31 (14.9)
Reduced personal accomplishment
Low	61 (87.1)	69 (49.3)	130 (61.9)
Moderate	4 (5.7)	41 (29.3)	45 (21.4)	<0.001
High	5 (7.1)	30 (21.4)	35 (16.7)

^aBased on the results of Chi-Square test.

Table 3. Factors associated with subdimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory by univariate ordinal logistic regression model.

Variables	Burnout dimensions
	Emotional exhaustion			Depersonalization			Reduced personal accomplishment
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Gender  Female  Male^a	2.34	1.12–4.90	0.024	1.23	0.53–2.83	0.626	0.70	0.35–1.40	0.309
Age  ≤50^a  >50	1.92	1.14–3.23	0.014	1.24	0.68–2.28	0.481	0.89	0.52–1.53	0.668
Marital status  Married  Single^a	1.22	0.72–2.05	0.465	0.69	0.38–1.27	0.235	0.56	0.32–0.97	0.038
Parental status  Yes  No^a	1.34	0.78–2.32	0.288	0.86	0.46–1.62	0.645	0.55	0.31–0.97	0.038
Length of medical service (years)  ≤20^a  >20	1.38	0.82–2.30	0.224	1.20	0.65–2.20	0.557	0.85	0.49–1.46	0.548
Group  Balint  Non-Balint^a	0.12	0.06–0.24	<0.001	0.11	0.04–0.31	<0.001	0.15	0.07–0.33	<0.001
Vocational education  Yes  No^a	0.45	0.27–0.77	0.003	0.40	0.21–0.77	0.006	0.34	0.16–0.62	<0.001
Specialization  Yes (Specialist)^a  No (GP)	1.38	0.79–2.41	0.255	1.96	1.05–3.68	0.036	2.19	1.23–3.90	0.008
Master’s degree  Yes  No^a	0.18	0.04–0.84	0.029	0.24	0.03–1.82	0.167	0.12	0.02–0.97	0.047
PhD degree  Yes  No^a	0.46	0.09–2.53	0.375	0.58	0.06–5.69	0.640	0.29	0.03–2.68	0.278

OR: Odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; GP: General Practitioner.

^aReference categories.

Bold values refer to variables that were associated with subdimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory by univariate ordinal logistic regression model.

Table 4. Factors associated with subdimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory by multiple ordinal logistic regression model.*

Variables	Burnout dimensions
	Emotional exhaustion			Depersonalization			Reduced personal accomplishment
	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p	OR	95% CI	p
Gender  Female  Male^a	2.51	1.15–5.50	0.021	–	–	–	–	–	–
Age  ≤50^a  >50	1.51	0.86–2.65	0.149	–	–	–	–	–	–
Marital status  Married  Single^a	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.73	0.36–1.49	0.386
Parental status  Yes  No^a	–	–	–	–	–	–	0.62	0.29–1.32	0.213
Group  Balint  Non-Balint^a	0.12	0.06–0.27	<0.001	0.10	0.03–0.32	<0.001	0.18	0.08–0.44	<0.001
Vocational education  Yes  No^a	0.81	0.41–1.58	0.530	0.99	0.46–2.12	0.984	0.73	0.36–1.47	0.378
Specialization  Yes (Specialist)^a  No (GP)	–	–	–	2.14	1.09–4.18	0.026	2.09	1.10–3.96	0.025
Master’s degree  Yes  No^a	0.44	0.09–2.27	0.329	–	–	–	0.30	0.03–2.68	0.280

OR: Odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; GP: General practitioner.

^aReference categories.

*All variables statistically significant at level 0.05 in univariate model entered in model multiple ordinal logistic regression.

Bold values refer to variables that were associated with subdimensions of the Maslach Burnout Inventory by multiple ordinal logistic regression model.