Factors influencing fatigue among patients undergoing hemodialysis: a multi-center cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants (N = 236).

Characteristics		no	(%)
Age (years)
	˂35	49	(20.8)
	35–50	83	(35.2)
	˃50	104	44.1
	Mean± SD: 50.05 ± 16.10
Sex
	Male	134	(56.8)
	Female	102	(43.2)
Marital status
	Single	42	(17.8)
	Married	194	(82.2)
Occupational status
	Employed	69	(29.2)
	Unemployed	92	(39.0)
	Student	14	(5.9)
	Retired	61	(25.8)
Education level
	illiterate	57	(24.2)
	primary	29	(12.3)
	secondary	106	(44.9)
	higher education	44	(18.6)
Number of dependent
	No dependent	30	(12.7)
	1–3	71	(30.1)
	4–6	80	(33.9)
	≥7	55	(23.3)
Financial status
	excellent	43	(18.2)
	acceptable	173	(73.3)
	bad	20	(8.5)
Exercise
	Yes	29	(12.3)
	No	207	(87.7)
Number of Comorbidities
	I don’t have comorbid	59	25.0
	one chronic disease	29	12.3
	two chronic diseases	68	28.8
	three chronic diseases and more	80	33.9

Table 2. Relationship between participants’ socio-demographic characteristics and MAF scores.

Variables		N	Mean± SD	test value	p-value
Age
	˂35	49	21.27 ± 8.77	F(10.406)	<0.001
	35–50	83	22.95 ± 6.96
	˃50	104	27.47 ± 8.77
Sex
	Male	134	26.40 ± 8.32	t (3.926)	˂0.001
	Female	102	22.19 ± 8.31
Marital status
	Single	42	22.99 ± 9.99	t (1.306)	0.193
	Married	194	24.91 ± 8.28
Occupational status
	Employed	69	24.44 ± 6.69	F (13.526)	<0.001
	Unemployed	92	23.15 ± 8.49
	Student	14	15.23 ± 7.30
	Retired	61	28.99 ± 8.23
Education level
	illiterate	57	25.23 ± 8.51	F (1.270)	0.285
	primary	29	23.04 ± 9.26
	secondary	106	25.33 ± 8.00
	higher education	44	22.86 ± 9.44
Number of dependent
	No	30	20.71 ± 10.88	F (4.640)	0.004
	1–3	71	24.05 ± 8.29
	4–6	80	24.36 ± 7.55
	≥7	55	27.64 ± 8.30
Financial status
	excellent	43	26.80 ± 9.01	F (2.093)	0.126
	acceptable	173	23.90 ± 8.69
	bad	20	25.49 ± 6.34
Exercise
	Yes	29	20.77 ± 8.35	t (−2.561)	0.011
	No	207	25.10 ± 8.54
Hemoglonin level
	Low	213	5.34 ± 2.43	t (1.747)	0.082
	Normal	23	4.45 ± 1.83

Table 3. Relationship between participants’ dialysis data and MAF scores.

Variables		N	Mean± SD	test value	p-value
Duration to hospital
	˂10	49	25.44 ± 8.66	F (2.918)	0.035
	10–15	103	23.52 ± 9.11
	16–20	52	23.56 ± 7.39
	˃20	32	28.24 ± 7.99
Number of Comorbidities
	I don’t have comorbid	59	17.98 ± 6.12	F (19.367)	0.001
	one chronic disease	29	27.08 ± 7.83
	two chronic diseases	68	25.87 ± 7.85
	three chronic diseases and more	80	27.40 ± 8.67
Duration of dialysis in years
	≤1	59	23.94 ± 9.18	F (3.614)	0.028
	2–3	67	22.63 ± 9.06
	≥4	110	26.08 ± 7.80
Are you satisfied with time
	Yes	226	24.19 ± 8.45	t (−3.243)	0.001
	No	10	33.05 ± 8.37
Preference to change time
	Yes	16	24.46 ± 8.10	F (2.960)	0.054
	No	201	24.14 ± 8.39
	Sometimes	19	29.14 ± 10.45
Who choose the time
	Patient	110	21.82 ± 8.78	t (−4.781)	0.001
	Not the patient	126	26.96 ± 7.75

Table 4. Multiple linear regression for factors affecting MAF scores.

Factor		B	SE	β	t	P-value
Age		.013	.055	.024	.228	.820
Gender
	Male	Ref
	Female	.108	1.524	.006	.071	.944
Employment status
	Employed	Ref
	Unemployed	−.879	1.587	−.050	−.554	.580
	Student	−6.070	2.785	−.167	−2.179	.030
	Retired	2.476	1.672	.126	1.481	.140
Number of dependent		−.162	.227	−.058	−.711	.478
Do you perform exercise	Yes	Ref
	No	2.124	1.548	.081	1.372	.171
Distance to hospital		.058	.059	.058	.985	.326
Comorbidity condition
	None	Ref
	1	−5.113	1.619	−.257	−3.158	.002
	2	.357	1.694	.014	.211	.833
	3 ≤	−.292	1.467	−.016	−.199	.842
Dialysis Duration		.022	.010	.155	2.331	.021
Satisfaction with time
	Yes	Ref
	No	6.704	2.641	.157	2.539	.012
Who choose dialysis time
	Patient	Ref
	Not the patient	3.278	1.058	.190	3.098	.002

R2 = 0.302, Adjusted R2 = 0.258, p ˂ 0.001.

Data availability statement

The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.