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Research Article

Effects of efflux pumps on antifungal activity of chitosan against Candida albicans

, , , , ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Article: 2357976 | Received 06 Feb 2024, Accepted 14 May 2024, Published online: 24 May 2024

Figures & data

Figure 1. Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of chitosan derivatives. (a) Effect of acetic acid on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans was determined by broth dilution method. MFC of oligomer and polymer chitosan against S. cerevisiae (b, d) and C. albicans (c, e) was determined by broth and agar dilution assays, respectively.

Figure 1. Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of chitosan derivatives. (a) Effect of acetic acid on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans was determined by broth dilution method. MFC of oligomer and polymer chitosan against S. cerevisiae (b, d) and C. albicans (c, e) was determined by broth and agar dilution assays, respectively.

Figure 2. Susceptibility of S. cerevisiae strains with indicated efflux pump gene deletion to chitosan, (a) oligomer and (b) polymer, by agar dilution assay.

Figure 2. Susceptibility of S. cerevisiae strains with indicated efflux pump gene deletion to chitosan, (a) oligomer and (b) polymer, by agar dilution assay.

Figure 3. Effects of overexpression of C. albicans efflux pump genes in AD∆ strains on susceptibility to chitosan, (a) oligomer and (b) polymer, by agar dilution assay.

Figure 3. Effects of overexpression of C. albicans efflux pump genes in AD∆ strains on susceptibility to chitosan, (a) oligomer and (b) polymer, by agar dilution assay.

Figure 4. Effects of efflux pump gene deletion on C. albicans susceptibility to chitosan, (a) oligomer and (b) polymer by broth dilution, and by agar dilution assay (c).

Figure 4. Effects of efflux pump gene deletion on C. albicans susceptibility to chitosan, (a) oligomer and (b) polymer by broth dilution, and by agar dilution assay (c).

Data availability statement

The data generated in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.