Justice through participation: student engagement in Nordic classrooms

Figures & data

Figure 1. Stine, Andreas, Thomas and Hedda’s use of the Internet during a 45 min class during which the teacher is lecturing. LMS refers to a learning management system, such as Fronter or itslearning

Figure 2. Time spent on phone use in recorded classrooms for three Finnish focus students and one Swedish focus student. The red part of the figure shows mobile phone use during multiple lessons. The topmost number in parentheses indicates how many minutes each focus student was recorded for

Figure 3. Relative distribution of mobile phone application use in the studied classrooms in Finland

Figure 4. Malin engaged in phone-mediated participation during whole-class teaching