Clinical profile and outcome of diabetic foot ulcer, a view from tertiary care hospital in Semarang, Indonesia

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic details and clinical characteristics of DFU patients, n = 130.

	Overall
Age (year)	54.3 ± 8.6
Male /female (n = 189)^a	96/93
Duration of ulcers before admission (week)	4.7 ± 2.9
Type of ulcer (n = 177)
Pure neuropathic, n (%)	76 (42.9%)
Pure ischemic, n (%)	19 (10.7%)
Neuroischemic, n (%)	53 (29.9%)
Non-classified, n (%)	29 (16.4%)
History of ulceration, n (%)	46 (35.4%)
Previous amputation, n (%)	24 (18.5%)
Diabetes duration (year)	6.4 ± 4.9
Newly detected, n (%)	16 (12.3%)
<1 year, n (%)	5 (3.8%)
1–5 years, n (%)	41 (31.5%)
5–10 years, n (%)	46 (35.4%)
>10 years, n (%)	22 (16.9%)
Admission BG (gr/dL)	359.3 ± 235.9
FPG (gr/dL)	199.2 ± 81.7
HbA1c (%)	11.2 ± 2.8
≤7% (good control), n (%)	5 (3.8%)
7.1–8% (fair control), n (%)	16 (12.3%)
8.1–10% (poor control), n (%)	31 (23.8%)
>10% (very poor control), n (%)	78 (60%)
Hospital stay (days)	17.8 ± 10.1
In-hospital mortality, n (%)^b	10.7%

Abbreviations: BG, blood glucose; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.

^a Total patients during 3 years period.

^b There were 23 mortality rates from total of 215 admission because of DFU.

Table 2. Distribution of foot lesion in accordance with Wagner grading system at presentation.

Wagner grade	Signs	N	%
0	No ulcer in a high-risk foot	1	0.4
1	Superficial ulcer involving the full skin thickness	5	2.3
2	Deep ulcer penetrating to ligaments/muscle, but no bone involvement or abscess formation	51	23.7
3	Deep ulcer with cellulitis or abscess formation, often with osteomyelitis	71	33.0
4	Localized gangrene	70	32.5
5	Extensive gangrene involving the whole foot	13	6.0
Missing data or not stated		4	1.8
Total		215	100.0

Figure 1. Precipitating events preceding the ulcer.

Table 3. Surgical intervention by Wagner grade.^a

	Wagner grading, n (%)
Type of surgical intervention	0	1	2	3	4	5	Total
Conservative management, n = 117
Daily wound care	0	4	8	3	0	0	15
Debridement	0	5	50	44	2	0	102
Arthrodesis	1	0	0	0	0	0	1
Skin grafting	0	3	5	0	0	0	8
Incision/drainage	0	0	1	31	7	0	39
Osteotomy	0	0	0	10	0	0	10
Revascularization + stenting	0	0	2	4	1	0	7
Arterial bypass surgery	0	0	0	2	0	0	2
Lower extremity amputation, n = 98
Minor LEA	0	0	1	22	51	0	74
Major LEA	0	0	0	2	9	13	24
Total LEA	0	0	1	24	60	13	98

^aPlease note that some patients had multiple procedures in one course of hospitalization, so the frequency is not presented as percentage.

Figure 2. Specific level of lower extremity amputation in diabetes, n = 98.