A national registry-based study of surgery and demography comparing internationally adopted and children born in Sweden with cleft lip and/or palate

Figures & data

Figure 1. Distributions of cleft-type prevalence for the national cohorts of IAC and Swe-born born with CL/P (2007–2018). These distributions differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.0001). Abbreviations: IAC, internationally adopted children; Swe-born, children born in Sweden; UCLP, unilateral cleft lip and palate; BCLP, bilateral cleft lip and palate; CP, cleft palate; UCL, unilateral cleft lip; BCL, bilateral cleft lip.

Figure 2. Gender prevalence for the national cohorts of IAC and Swe-born (2007–2018). IAC with UCLP was predominantly male in the IAC group compared with their Swe-born counterparts (p = 0.0025). Abbreviations: IAC, internationally adopted children; Swe-born, children born in Sweden; UCLP, unilateral cleft lip and palate; BCLP, bilateral cleft lip and palate; CP, cleft palate; UCL, unilateral cleft lip; BCL, bilateral cleft lip.

Table 1. Surgical treatment in IAC and Swedish born with UCLP and BCLP until age 5 years.

	UCLP					BCLP
	IAC n = 138 Mean ± SD		Swe-born n = 251 Mean ± SD		p-value	IAC n = 70 Mean ± SD		Swe-born n = 122 Mean ± SD		p-value
Age at first primary palatal surgery (months)*	24.3 ±.6.6		10.1 ± 5.0		<0.0001	25.7 ± 7.3		11.2 ± 5.3		<0.0001
Number of primary palatal surgeries per child	1.4 ± 0.8		1.6 ± 0.6		0.0064	1.6 ± 0.8		1.7 ± 0.1		0.9617
	IAC		Swe-born			IAC		Swe-born
	n	%	n	%	p-value	n	%	N	%	p-value
Total number of children who underwent secondary surgery	55	39.9	30	12.0	<0.0001	32	45.7	23	18.9	<0.0001
Total number of children who underwent two or more secondary surgeries	14	10.1	6	2.4		10	14.3	5	4.1

*The results for age at first primary palatal surgery were based on 124 IAC and 243 Swe-born with UCLP as well as 66 IAC and 117 Swedish born with BCLP. Abbreviations: IAC, internationally adopted children; Swe-born, children born in Sweden; UCLP, unilateral cleft lip and palate; BCLP, bilateral cleft lip and palate; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 3. Timing of all cleft-related anesthetic procedures performed in Sweden per child before five years of age for the national cohorts of IAC and Swedish-born children with UCLP and BCLP, born 2007–2013. Age is presented in years and each dot represents one anesthetic procedure; an individual patient may contribute several times. Abbreviations: IAC, internationally adopted children; Swe-born, children born in Sweden.

Table 2. Cleft-related anesthetic procedures per child.

	UCLP			BCLP
	IAC n = 138 Mean ± SD	Swe-born n = 251 Mean ± SD	p-value	IAC (n = 70) Mean ± SD	Swe-born (n = 122) Mean ± SD	p-value
Number of cleft-related anesthetic procedures in Sweden per child	2.1 ± 1.0	2.5 ± 0.8	<0.0001	2.6 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.2	0.1814

Abbreviations: IAC, internationally adopted children; Swe-born, children born in Sweden; UCLP, unilateral cleft lip and palate; BCLP, bilateral cleft lip and palate; SD, standard deviation.