Figures & data
Figure 1. Search strategy. From Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRISMA group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097. For more information, visit www.prisma-statement.org.
![Figure 1. Search strategy. From Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. The PRISMA group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097. For more information, visit www.prisma-statement.org.](/cms/asset/22747e98-f1aa-4e77-ae5c-4c0d0efc31f2/iphs_a_2117704_f0001_c.jpg)
Table 1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Table 2. Treatment characteristics, outcome measures and corresponding results, including complications.
Table 3. The revised and validated version of MINORS [Citation16].
Figure 2. The forest plot of included studies. It can be seen that the large intra-study variance is the paper published in 1992 by DD McGeorge and Stilwell and the paper published in 2000 by al-Qattan et al., and the large inter-study variance is the paper published in 1992 by McGeorge and Stilwell and the paper published in 1977 by Wray et al.
![Figure 2. The forest plot of included studies. It can be seen that the large intra-study variance is the paper published in 1992 by DD McGeorge and Stilwell and the paper published in 2000 by al-Qattan et al., and the large inter-study variance is the paper published in 1992 by McGeorge and Stilwell and the paper published in 1977 by Wray et al.](/cms/asset/860fd049-f2ee-4be1-8a36-69eb1691fe25/iphs_a_2117704_f0002_b.jpg)
Figure 3. The funnel plot. In general, small-scale studies are distributed widely at the bottom, and large-scale studies are distributed narrowly at the top of the funnel. In this plot, there are one distribution to the left and four distributions to the right outside the funnel.
![Figure 3. The funnel plot. In general, small-scale studies are distributed widely at the bottom, and large-scale studies are distributed narrowly at the top of the funnel. In this plot, there are one distribution to the left and four distributions to the right outside the funnel.](/cms/asset/2e8e6280-2be3-44ac-ba17-a7e58475de45/iphs_a_2117704_f0003_b.jpg)
Data availability statement
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022316096