Families following pediatric traumatic medical events: identifying psychosocial risk profiles using latent profile analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographics and injury/illness characteristics.

Variable	N = 374 (SD/%)
Child age in years M (SD), range	9.11 (5.42), 0.3–18
Child gender, male n (%)	221 (59.1)
Child ethnicity n (%)
Jews	324 (86.6)
Arabs	48 (12.8)
Highest Parental Education n (%)
Less than Highschool Education	41 (10.9)
Highschool Education	131(35.4)
Some college/vocational school or higher	200 (53.7)
Relationship Status n (%)
Single	10 (2.4)
Married/Partnered	318 (85.1)
Separated/Divorced	45 (12.2)
Widow	1 (0.3)
Injury/illness characteristics
Injury/illness phase, n (%)
Up to one month after Injury/illness	153 (40.9)
Up to two months after Injury/illness	91(24.3)
Up to one year after Injury/illness	79 (21.1)
More than one year after Injury/illness	51 (13.6)
Child injury/illness type n (%)
ABI*	212 (56.7)
Spinal Cord	30 (8.0)
Orthopedic	61 (16.3)
Others	71 (18.9)
Length of hospitalisation in days	100 (83.5)
Accident-related admissions	100 (27%)
Illness-related admissions	274 (73%)

*ABI: acquired brain injury; includes tumours, viral infections, stroke, and traumatic head injury.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics of the PAT2.0^a.

PAT2.0 scale	N (%)	Scale range	M	SD	Range
PAT2.0 total	374	0.00–3.99	1.18	.771	.00–3.82
Universal	174 (46.5)	0.00–1.00	.535	.278	.00–0.98
Targeted	146 (39.0)	1.01–2.00	1.42	.278	1.01–2.00
Clinical	54 (14.4)	2.01–3.99	2.568	.476	2.01–3.82
1. Family structure/resources	374	.00–1.00	.155	.165	.00–.75
2. Social support	374	.00–1.00	.056	.16	.00–1.00
3. Child problems	374	.00–1.00	.283	.228	.00–.93
4. Sibling problems	374	.00–1.00	.100	.172	.00–.73
5. Family problems	374	.00–1.00	.149	.18	.00–1.00
6. Stress reactions	374	.00–1.00	.295	.353	.00–1.00
7. Family beliefs	374	.00–1.00	.57	.127	.00–1.00

^a PAT2.0 – Psychosocial Assessment Tool 2.0.

Table 3. Fit statistics for PAT2.0 domains latent profile analysis.

	AIC	BIC	Sample size-adjusted BIC	VLMR	LMR	Entropy	Sample size by class based on most likely membership
1 Class	6393.060	6440.151	6402.078				374
2 Classes	6049.403	6123.964	6063.682	357.657**	349.235**	0.967	318/55
3 Classes	5938.468	6040.499	5958.008	124.935**	121.993**	0.890	237/84/52
4 Classes	5909.046	6038.546	5933.847	43.422	42.400	0.897	224/80/50/18
5 Classes	5754.612	5911.582	5784.673	88.134	86.058	0.935	208/83/39/30/14

Note: AIC: Akaike Information Criterion; BIC: Bayesian Information Criterion; LMR: Lo-Mendell-Rubin Adjusted Likelihood Ratio Test; VLMR: Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin Adjusted Likelihood Ratio Test; BLRT: Bootstrp likelihood ratio difference test. Bold row was chosen model.

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.

Figure 1. Mean domain score by PAT2.0 latent profile.

Table 4. Univariate associations with class membership.

	Low family risk (1)			High caregiver stress, above average levels of family risk (2)			High caregiver stress, above average levels of family risk (2)
	Versus High sibling problems, above average level of family risk (3)						Versus low family risk (1)
Correlates of class membership	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p
Child gender (boy=1, girl=2)	−0.408	0.460	.376	−0.432	0.522	.408	−0.382	0.387	.323
Child age (0–18)	−0.082	0.041	.065	−0.034	0.045	.445	0.054	0.034	.111
Ethnicity (Israeli Jewish=1, Israeli Arab=2)	1.207*	0.574	.035	−0.059	0.570	.917	−0.539	0.523	.303
Illness/injury etiology (acquired brain injury=1, spinal cord=2, orthopedic=3, other=4)	0.910	0.492	.064	1.426*	0.551	.010	0.591	0.408	.147
Illness/injury phase (0=crisis phase 1=chronic adaptation phase)	0.131	0.487	0.294	−0.578	0.551	.294	0.591	0.408	.147

Note: SE: standard error. Parameters comprise associations with the respective class (second row) in comparison to the reference class (first row). *Statistically significant difference between classes at p < .05.

Data availability statement

Due to the nature of this research, participants of this study did not agree to have their data shared publicly; supporting data are therefore not available.